Question 1

A pregnant woman's daily energy needs increase by ____ kcalories in the second trimester, and _____ kcalories in the third trimester.​

Accepted Answer

During the second trimester, a pregnant woman's daily energy needs increase by approximately 340 kcalories, and in the third trimester, the increase is around 450 kcalories. Option A is the only one with these two values mentioned, making it the correct choice.

Question 2

A low-birthweight baby has a statistically greater chance of contracting diseases and dying early in life.​

Accepted Answer

Low-birthweight babies have underdeveloped organs and a weaker immune system, making them more susceptible to diseases and illnesses. They are also at a higher risk of dying early in life.

Question 3

Breast milk or infant formula normally provides enough water to replace fluid losses in healthy infants.​

Accepted Answer

Breast milk and infant formula contain a high percentage of water and are designed to meet the fluid needs of infants. In most cases, additional water is not necessary unless advised by a healthcare professional.

Question 4

​Most prescription medications taken by a breastfeeding mother will reach the infant through breast milk and can adversely impact the infant's health.

Accepted Answer

While some prescription medications can pass into breast milk and affect the infant, many are considered safe for use while breastfeeding. The impact on the infant depends on the specific medication, its dose, and the age or health of the infant. Healthcare providers can offer guidance on which medications are safe to use.

Question 5

​During pregnancy, if the development of a fetal organ is limited during a critical period, recovery of the organ is impossible.

Accepted Answer

This statement is true. The critical period is a specific window of time during fetal development when certain organs or body systems are forming and are most vulnerable to external influences. If the development of an organ is limited during this critical period, it may not be able to recover fully or at all, leading to long-term health consequences for the child.

Question 6

Pregnant women who are vegans should get their protein from _____.​

Accepted Answer

Legumes, whole grains, nuts, and seeds are all excellent sources of protein and are also vegan-friendly. It is important for pregnant women to consume enough protein to support the growth and development of their baby, and these plant-based sources can provide the necessary nutrients. Protein supplements and high-protein smoothies may also be an option, but it is important to consult with a healthcare professional before adding any supplements to a pregnancy diet. Milk, yogurt, cheese, eggs, and tofu are not vegan-friendly and may not be suitable for vegan pregnant women.

Question 7

The RDA for protein during pregnancy is an additional _____ grams per day.​

Accepted Answer

The RDA for protein during pregnancy is an additional 25 grams per day. Protein is necessary for fetal growth and development, as well as the growth and maintenance of maternal tissues. Pregnant women should aim to consume a variety of high-quality protein sources, including lean meats, poultry, fish, eggs, legumes, nuts, and seeds.

Question 8

​To avoid development of neural tube defects, a pregnant woman should begin taking 600 mcg of folate supplements by the end of the first trimester.

Accepted Answer

A pregnant woman should start taking 400-800 mcg of folate supplements at least one month before pregnancy and continue throughout the first trimester to reduce the risk of neural tube defects. If she did not take supplements before conception, she should start as soon as she finds out she is pregnant.

Question 9

Obese pregnant women face a variety of potential health complications because of their weight, including premature delivery, gestational diabetes, and _____.​

Accepted Answer

The answer of Obese pregnant women face a variety of...

Question 10

​A pregnant mother wants to increase her intake of folate by choosing foods that are natural sources of the nutrient. The mother should be counseled to increase her intake of what food?

Accepted Answer

Beets are a natural source of folate, with 1 cup of boiled beets containing 136 mcg of folate. Yogurt, chicken, apples, and carrots are not significant sources of folate.

Question 11

Spina bifida, characterized by incomplete closure of the spinal cord and its bony encasement, may be manifested by what features after birth?​

Accepted Answer

Spina bifida can lead to muscle weakness and mental handicaps due to the incomplete closure of the spinal cord and the resulting damage to nerves.

Question 12

​Preeclampsia usually occurs with first pregnancies and almost always occurs after 20 weeks' gestation.

Accepted Answer

Preeclampsia is a condition characterized by high blood pressure and often a significant amount of protein in the urine. It typically occurs after 20 weeks of pregnancy and is more common in first pregnancies.

Question 13

Because weight loss during pregnancy is not recommended, even obese women are advised to gain between 25 and 35 pounds for the best chance of delivering a healthy infant.​

Accepted Answer

Obese women are generally advised to gain less weight during pregnancy, typically between 11 and 20 pounds, according to guidelines to ensure both maternal and infant health.

Question 14

Ample carbohydrate is needed by the pregnant woman in order to _____.​

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrates are important during pregnancy to fuel the fetal brain and spare protein needed for fetal growth. Adequate carbohydrate intake helps to ensure that the growing fetus is receiving adequate energy to support its developing brain and body, while preventing the breakdown of maternal protein stores. Additionally, carbohydrates are important for maintaining maternal energy levels and preventing excessive weight gain during pregnancy.

Question 15

​The most common cause of sore nipples during breastfeeding is a poor letdown reflex.

Accepted Answer

While a poor letdown reflex can contribute to sore nipples, the most common cause is an improper latch or positioning of the baby during breastfeeding. Other factors such as thrush, nipple shield use, and tongue tie can also cause sore nipples.

Question 16

Individual food cravings during pregnancy often reflect real physiological needs of the pregnant woman.​

Accepted Answer

While it is true that many pregnant women experience food cravings, there is no scientific evidence to suggest that these cravings reflect real physiological needs. Many cravings are simply due to hormonal changes and changes in taste preferences during pregnancy. However, it is still important for pregnant women to maintain a healthy and balanced diet.

Question 17

Nutrients and oxygen travel to the developing fetus via the _____.​

Accepted Answer

The placenta is a specialized organ that develops during pregnancy and is responsible for exchanging nutrients, oxygen, and other substances between the mother's blood and the fetus's blood.

Question 18

The most potent single predictor of an infant's future health status is _____.​

Accepted Answer

The most potent single predictor of an infant's future health status is the infant's birthweight. Infants with low birthweight are at higher risk for health problems, developmental delays, and even mortality compared to infants with normal or higher birthweight. Birthweight is influenced by factors such as the mother's health status, nutrition, and prenatal care.

Question 19

A pregnant woman can protect against lead toxicity by increasing dietary calcium intake.​

Accepted Answer

Calcium can compete with lead for absorption, and thus increasing dietary calcium intake can help reduce the absorption of lead and protect against lead toxicity, especially during pregnancy when lead can be passed on to the developing fetus. However, it is important to note that this should not be the only precaution taken to prevent lead exposure during pregnancy. Other measures such as avoiding sources of lead, regular testing for lead levels, and following proper hygiene and safety protocols should also be followed.

Question 20

​Jane does not eat many fruits and vegetables and she dislikes dairy products. To increase her calcium intake, you would recommend that she consume plenty of _____.

Accepted Answer

As Jane dislikes dairy products, it is important to find alternate sources of calcium. Calcium-fortified orange juice is a good option as it contains 350mg of calcium per 8-ounce serving.

Quiz 10: Nutrition Through the Life Span - Pregnancy and Infancy

A pregnant woman's daily energy needs increase by kcalories in the second trimester, and _ kcalories in the third trimester.

A low-birthweight baby has a statistically greater chance of contracting diseases and dying early in life.

Breast milk or infant formula normally provides enough water to replace fluid losses in healthy infants.

Most prescription medications taken by a breastfeeding mother will reach the infant through breast milk and can adversely impact the infant's health.

During pregnancy, if the development of a fetal organ is limited during a critical period, recovery of the organ is impossible.

Pregnant women who are vegans should get their protein from _____.

The RDA for protein during pregnancy is an additional _____ grams per day.

To avoid development of neural tube defects, a pregnant woman should begin taking 600 mcg of folate supplements by the end of the first trimester.

Obese pregnant women face a variety of potential health complications because of their weight, including premature delivery, gestational diabetes, and _____.

A pregnant mother wants to increase her intake of folate by choosing foods that are natural sources of the nutrient. The mother should be counseled to increase her intake of what food?

Spina bifida, characterized by incomplete closure of the spinal cord and its bony encasement, may be manifested by what features after birth?

Preeclampsia usually occurs with first pregnancies and almost always occurs after 20 weeks' gestation.

Because weight loss during pregnancy is not recommended, even obese women are advised to gain between 25 and 35 pounds for the best chance of delivering a healthy infant.

Ample carbohydrate is needed by the pregnant woman in order to _____.

The most common cause of sore nipples during breastfeeding is a poor letdown reflex.

Individual food cravings during pregnancy often reflect real physiological needs of the pregnant woman.

Nutrients and oxygen travel to the developing fetus via the _____.

The most potent single predictor of an infant's future health status is _____.

A pregnant woman can protect against lead toxicity by increasing dietary calcium intake.

Jane does not eat many fruits and vegetables and she dislikes dairy products. To increase her calcium intake, you would recommend that she consume plenty of _____.