Question 1

Betsy Winslow is a 62-year-old retired school teacher. She is 5'3" tall and weighs 155 pounds. Mrs. Winslow is a member of a walking group that meets three mornings a week. She walks two miles each morning. After experiencing episodes of chest pain and shortness of breath when walking, she made an appointment to see her physician. Her laboratory results are as follows: total cholesterol: 251 mg/dL; HDL cholesterol: 47 mg/dL; LDL cholesterol: 146 mg/dL; triglycerides: 203 mg/dL.
Mrs. Winslow's 24-hour recall reveals the following intake:
Breakfast: Scrambled eggs, bacon, toast with butter and jelly, 2% milk
Lunch: Hamburger pizza, salad with Italian dressing, Coke
Snack: 3 chocolate cookies, 2% milk
Dinner: Fried chicken, mashed potatoes and gravy, buttered corn on the cob, sweet tea, coconut cake
Snack: Ice cream
​
-How many diet-related major risk factors for coronary heart disease does Mrs. Winslow have?​

Accepted Answer

Mrs. Winslow has 4 diet-related major risk factors for coronary heart disease: high total cholesterol, high LDL cholesterol, high triglycerides, and low HDL cholesterol.

Question 2

Carmen, age 34, has had hypertension since she was a teenager, as do many members of her immediate family. At a visit to the doctor one year ago after her twin brother had suffered an acute episode of hypertension requiring hospitalization, Carmen decided to seriously attempt to reduce her sodium and salt intakes. She has successfully mastered a low-sodium diet by: eliminating the use of a salt shaker; ordering fresh, no-salt-added foods in restaurants; avoiding salty condiments; avoiding ready-to-eat foods; and using herbs and salt-free seasonings. She has recently begun reading labels and following portions of the DASH diet. Her doctor tells her to expect a further reduction in her blood pressure if she can master the DASH diet.
-Carmen discovers that the DASH diet contains more fiber and ____ compared to that of the typical American diet.​

Accepted Answer

The DASH diet is known for its high fiber and potassium content, which has been shown to help reduce blood pressure. It is also low in sodium, which is important for individuals with hypertension. Therefore, the correct choice is A, potassium.

Question 3

Carmen, age 34, has had hypertension since she was a teenager, as do many members of her immediate family. At a visit to the doctor one year ago after her twin brother had suffered an acute episode of hypertension requiring hospitalization, Carmen decided to seriously attempt to reduce her sodium and salt intakes. She has successfully mastered a low-sodium diet by: eliminating the use of a salt shaker; ordering fresh, no-salt-added foods in restaurants; avoiding salty condiments; avoiding ready-to-eat foods; and using herbs and salt-free seasonings. She has recently begun reading labels and following portions of the DASH diet. Her doctor tells her to expect a further reduction in her blood pressure if she can master the DASH diet.
-Carmen's daily sodium intake should not exceed _____ milligrams, as the DASH Eating Plan is even more effective when accompanied by a low sodium intake.​

Accepted Answer

According to the American Heart Association and the DASH diet, the recommended daily intake of sodium for individuals with hypertension or at risk for hypertension is 1500 milligrams or less. Carmen's successful low-sodium diet, combined with the DASH Eating Plan, can lead to a further reduction in her blood pressure. Therefore, her daily sodium intake should not exceed 1500 milligrams.

Question 4

​Which team member works with the client to evaluate the need for special feeding devices and then teaches the client how to use the device?

Accepted Answer

The answer of ​Which team member works with the client...

Question 5

Betsy Winslow is a 62-year-old retired school teacher. She is 5'3" tall and weighs 155 pounds. Mrs. Winslow is a member of a walking group that meets three mornings a week. She walks two miles each morning. After experiencing episodes of chest pain and shortness of breath when walking, she made an appointment to see her physician. Her laboratory results are as follows: total cholesterol: 251 mg/dL; HDL cholesterol: 47 mg/dL; LDL cholesterol: 146 mg/dL; triglycerides: 203 mg/dL.
Mrs. Winslow's 24-hour recall reveals the following intake:
Breakfast: Scrambled eggs, bacon, toast with butter and jelly, 2% milk
Lunch: Hamburger pizza, salad with Italian dressing, Coke
Snack: 3 chocolate cookies, 2% milk
Dinner: Fried chicken, mashed potatoes and gravy, buttered corn on the cob, sweet tea, coconut cake
Snack: Ice cream
​
-​Mrs. Winslow has been advised to increase her intake of soluble fiber. What food is an example of a source of soluble fiber?

Accepted Answer

Oatmeal is a good source of soluble fiber, which can help lower cholesterol levels. It is recommended that Mrs. Winslow increase her intake of soluble fiber to improve her lipid profile. Other good sources of soluble fiber include beans, lentils, fruits (such as apples and oranges), and vegetables (such as Brussels sprouts and sweet potatoes).

Question 6

Betsy Winslow is a 62-year-old retired school teacher. She is 5'3" tall and weighs 155 pounds. Mrs. Winslow is a member of a walking group that meets three mornings a week. She walks two miles each morning. After experiencing episodes of chest pain and shortness of breath when walking, she made an appointment to see her physician. Her laboratory results are as follows: total cholesterol: 251 mg/dL; HDL cholesterol: 47 mg/dL; LDL cholesterol: 146 mg/dL; triglycerides: 203 mg/dL.
Mrs. Winslow's 24-hour recall reveals the following intake:
Breakfast: Scrambled eggs, bacon, toast with butter and jelly, 2% milk
Lunch: Hamburger pizza, salad with Italian dressing, Coke
Snack: 3 chocolate cookies, 2% milk
Dinner: Fried chicken, mashed potatoes and gravy, buttered corn on the cob, sweet tea, coconut cake
Snack: Ice cream
​
-To reduce her risk of CHD, Mrs. Winslow's LDL should be:​

Accepted Answer

To reduce the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD), it is recommended that LDL cholesterol levels be less than 100 mg/dL.

Question 7

Mrs. Smith is a 59-year-old African-American female who is 5' 2" tall and weighs 180 pounds. She is a smoker who engages in no physical activity, and her diet history shows a high intake of saturated fat and sodium as well as excess kcalories. Her lipid profile shows elevated LDL and decreased levels of HDL. In order to raise her HDL levels, the nurse recommends that Mrs. Smith _____.​

Accepted Answer

Quitting smoking is known to help increase HDL (good cholesterol) levels.

Question 8

Carmen, age 34, has had hypertension since she was a teenager, as do many members of her immediate family. At a visit to the doctor one year ago after her twin brother had suffered an acute episode of hypertension requiring hospitalization, Carmen decided to seriously attempt to reduce her sodium and salt intakes. She has successfully mastered a low-sodium diet by: eliminating the use of a salt shaker; ordering fresh, no-salt-added foods in restaurants; avoiding salty condiments; avoiding ready-to-eat foods; and using herbs and salt-free seasonings. She has recently begun reading labels and following portions of the DASH diet. Her doctor tells her to expect a further reduction in her blood pressure if she can master the DASH diet.
-If Carmen closely follows the DASH Eating Plan, she can expect to see how much of a reduction in her systolic blood pressure?​

Accepted Answer

The answer of Carmen, age 34, has had hypertension since...

Question 9

Which substance would most likely need to be restricted in patients with heart failure who use diuretics in order to help reduce fluid retention?​

Accepted Answer

Sodium is the substance that would most likely need to be restricted in patients with heart failure who use diuretics in order to help reduce fluid retention. Diuretics increase the excretion of sodium and water from the body, but excessive intake of sodium can counteract this effect and lead to fluid retention. Therefore, limiting sodium intake is generally recommended for patients with heart failure who are using diuretics.

Question 10

A nurse is working with a family who is concerned that their father is at risk of having a stroke. What is a risk factor for stroke that the nurse should include when educating this family?​

Accepted Answer

Physical inactivity is a major risk factor for stroke, along with other factors such as high blood pressure, diabetes, smoking, and high cholesterol. Male gender is also a risk factor, but it cannot be modified. Elevated HDL cholesterol is actually a protective factor, while increased intake of sugar can contribute to some risk factors such as obesity and diabetes, but is not a direct risk factor for stroke. A history of a brain tumor may increase the risk of stroke, but it is not a common risk factor and may not be applicable to this particular family.

Question 11

A patient's lipid profile shows elevated total cholesterol and LDL. The nurse recommends which nutrition interventions to help the patient manage his cholesterol?​

Accepted Answer

Consuming less saturated fat is a recommended intervention for managing elevated total cholesterol and LDL levels. Eating less fiber, consuming less polyunsaturated fat, eating more protein, and consuming more trans fats are not recommended interventions for managing cholesterol.

Question 12

The client asks the nurse about the effects of physical activity on CHD risk. The nurse should tell the patient that _____.​

Accepted Answer

The nurse should tell the patient that 30 minutes of moderate exercise on most days can reverse many risk factors for CHD. Physical activity is important in reducing CHD risk, and weight training can raise HDL, but the recommended amount of activity is moderate exercise for at least 30 minutes on most days. While diet is also important in reducing CHD risk, it should not be the primary focus over physical activity. A combination of both is recommended.

Question 13

People with tremors, spasticity, and uneven or jerky movements may benefit from the use of _____.​

Accepted Answer

Weighted utensils can provide stability for people with tremors, spasticity, and uneven or jerky movements, making it easier for them to eat and drink without spilling or dropping utensils. The added weight helps to dampen tremors and provide a calming effect on spastic movements. A rocker knife, cutout plastic cup, battery-powered feeding machine, and flexible straw may also be useful for some individuals with disabilities, but none of these options are specific to addressing tremors or spasticity.

Question 14

The nurse recognizes that an effective way to lower LDL cholesterol levels through meal preparation and intake is to _____.​

Accepted Answer

Using margarines made with plant sterols has been shown to effectively lower LDL cholesterol levels. Reduced-fat margarine, switching from butter to margarine, and using butter instead of margarine may not have a significant impact on LDL cholesterol levels. Using solid vegetable shortening instead of margarine may even increase LDL cholesterol levels due to its high amount of saturated fat.

Question 15

People with only one arm or hand may benefit from using a _____ when eating.​

Accepted Answer

A rocker knife has a curved blade and is designed for cutting food with one hand. It requires minimal effort and can be easier to use compared to a regular knife for those with only one hand or arm.

Question 16

Betsy Winslow is a 62-year-old retired school teacher. She is 5'3" tall and weighs 155 pounds. Mrs. Winslow is a member of a walking group that meets three mornings a week. She walks two miles each morning. After experiencing episodes of chest pain and shortness of breath when walking, she made an appointment to see her physician. Her laboratory results are as follows: total cholesterol: 251 mg/dL; HDL cholesterol: 47 mg/dL; LDL cholesterol: 146 mg/dL; triglycerides: 203 mg/dL.
Mrs. Winslow's 24-hour recall reveals the following intake:
Breakfast: Scrambled eggs, bacon, toast with butter and jelly, 2% milk
Lunch: Hamburger pizza, salad with Italian dressing, Coke
Snack: 3 chocolate cookies, 2% milk
Dinner: Fried chicken, mashed potatoes and gravy, buttered corn on the cob, sweet tea, coconut cake
Snack: Ice cream
​
-What level of risk would Mrs. Winslow's HDL level be classified as?​

Accepted Answer

Mrs. Winslow's HDL level of 47 mg/dL would be classified as high risk because it is below the desirable level of 60 mg/dL. Low HDL levels are associated with an increased risk of heart disease.

Answer: Mrs. Winslow's diet is high in saturated fat, which can contribute to high cholesterol levels. She should aim to decrease her intake of foods high in saturated fat, such as bacon, fried chicken, and butter. She could swap these foods for lean protein sources like grilled chicken or fish, and use healthier cooking methods such as baking or grilling instead of frying. Including more fruits, vegetables, and whole grains in her meals can also help improve her cholesterol levels. Additionally, Mrs. Winslow may benefit from adding regular exercise to her routine beyond her walking group to further improve her cardiovascular health.

Question 17

Because of diuretic use and reduced physical activity, patients with heart failure are at higher risk of _____.​

Accepted Answer

Diuretic use can cause dehydration and reduced physical activity can lead to constipation in patients with heart failure.

Question 18

Carmen, age 34, has had hypertension since she was a teenager, as do many members of her immediate family. At a visit to the doctor one year ago after her twin brother had suffered an acute episode of hypertension requiring hospitalization, Carmen decided to seriously attempt to reduce her sodium and salt intakes. She has successfully mastered a low-sodium diet by: eliminating the use of a salt shaker; ordering fresh, no-salt-added foods in restaurants; avoiding salty condiments; avoiding ready-to-eat foods; and using herbs and salt-free seasonings. She has recently begun reading labels and following portions of the DASH diet. Her doctor tells her to expect a further reduction in her blood pressure if she can master the DASH diet.
-In order to follow the DASH Diet, Carmen should limit _____.​

Accepted Answer

The answer of Carmen, age 34, has had hypertension since...

Question 19

Betsy Winslow is a 62-year-old retired school teacher. She is 5'3" tall and weighs 155 pounds. Mrs. Winslow is a member of a walking group that meets three mornings a week. She walks two miles each morning. After experiencing episodes of chest pain and shortness of breath when walking, she made an appointment to see her physician. Her laboratory results are as follows: total cholesterol: 251 mg/dL; HDL cholesterol: 47 mg/dL; LDL cholesterol: 146 mg/dL; triglycerides: 203 mg/dL.
Mrs. Winslow's 24-hour recall reveals the following intake:
Breakfast: Scrambled eggs, bacon, toast with butter and jelly, 2% milk
Lunch: Hamburger pizza, salad with Italian dressing, Coke
Snack: 3 chocolate cookies, 2% milk
Dinner: Fried chicken, mashed potatoes and gravy, buttered corn on the cob, sweet tea, coconut cake
Snack: Ice cream
​
-Based on her 24-hour recall, which dietary recommendation is appropriate for Mrs. Winslow if she is to lower her blood lipids with diet alone?​

Accepted Answer

Mrs. Winslow's current diet is high in saturated and trans fats, which are contributing to her elevated blood lipids. Eating more whole grains, legumes, fruits, and vegetables will provide her with more fiber and antioxidants, which can help lower her cholesterol levels. Additionally, these foods are generally lower in fat and calories than what she is currently eating, which can help with weight management - another important factor in managing blood lipids. The other answer choices may be helpful in other contexts, but are not the most appropriate for Mrs. Winslow's situation.

Question 20

A patient's lab work shows severe hypertriglyceridemia with blood triglycerides of 1075 mg/dL. The nurse understands that the patient's fat intake should be limited to _____% of kcalories per day in order to prevent dangerous complications.​

Accepted Answer

The nurse understands that the patient's fat intake should be limited to 15% of kcalories per day in order to prevent dangerous complications.

Quiz 21: Nutrition and Disorders of the Heart and Blood Vessels

​Which team member works with the client to evaluate the need for special feeding devices and then teaches the client how to use the device?

Which substance would most likely need to be restricted in patients with heart failure who use diuretics in order to help reduce fluid retention?​

A nurse is working with a family who is concerned that their father is at risk of having a stroke. What is a risk factor for stroke that the nurse should include when educating this family?​

A patient's lipid profile shows elevated total cholesterol and LDL. The nurse recommends which nutrition interventions to help the patient manage his cholesterol?​

The client asks the nurse about the effects of physical activity on CHD risk. The nurse should tell the patient that _____.​

People with tremors, spasticity, and uneven or jerky movements may benefit from the use of _____.​

The nurse recognizes that an effective way to lower LDL cholesterol levels through meal preparation and intake is to _____.​

People with only one arm or hand may benefit from using a _____ when eating.​

Because of diuretic use and reduced physical activity, patients with heart failure are at higher risk of _____.​

A patient's lab work shows severe hypertriglyceridemia with blood triglycerides of 1075 mg/dL. The nurse understands that the patient's fat intake should be limited to _____% of kcalories per day in order to prevent dangerous complications.​

Which team member works with the client to evaluate the need for special feeding devices and then teaches the client how to use the device?

Which substance would most likely need to be restricted in patients with heart failure who use diuretics in order to help reduce fluid retention?

A nurse is working with a family who is concerned that their father is at risk of having a stroke. What is a risk factor for stroke that the nurse should include when educating this family?

A patient's lipid profile shows elevated total cholesterol and LDL. The nurse recommends which nutrition interventions to help the patient manage his cholesterol?

The client asks the nurse about the effects of physical activity on CHD risk. The nurse should tell the patient that _____.

People with tremors, spasticity, and uneven or jerky movements may benefit from the use of _____.

The nurse recognizes that an effective way to lower LDL cholesterol levels through meal preparation and intake is to _____.

People with only one arm or hand may benefit from using a _____ when eating.

Because of diuretic use and reduced physical activity, patients with heart failure are at higher risk of _____.

A patient's lab work shows severe hypertriglyceridemia with blood triglycerides of 1075 mg/dL. The nurse understands that the patient's fat intake should be limited to _____% of kcalories per day in order to prevent dangerous complications.