Question 1

It is estimated that 50 percent of all cancer deaths are related to behavior. Knowing the risks (and keeping in mind that you have a one in three chance of having cancer), do you feel inclined to alter your lifestyle to reduce your cancer risk? If so, what steps would you take? If not, why not?

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Question 2

If retinoblastoma requires mutation in two copies of the RB gene, and familial cases inherit one such mutation, doesn't it seem unlikely that a second mutation would occur in a retinal cell at this specific gene? Yet 90 percent of those individuals who inherit one mutant RB gene develop a second mutation and retinoblastoma. Why does this occur with such a high frequency?

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Question 3

Chronic myelogenous leukemia is an example of a cancer caused by __________________.

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Question 4

Epigenetic changes that can lead to cancer development involve changes in patterns of _____________.

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Question 5

The anticancer drug Gleevec works by blocking the ____________________-binding site of a protein, which would otherwise activate a signal protein to induce cell division.

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Question 6

BRCA1 and BRCA2 are inherited in a ______________ fashion.

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Question 7

A cellular molecular pathway by which an external signal is converted into a functional response is called ________________.

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Question 8

Targeted drug therapies that stop the growth of cancer cells do so by blocking the action of __________ proteins.

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Question 9

Some people have a genetic predisposition to cancer. Explain.

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Question 10

How might genetically-engineered human gene products be used to inhibit the action of oncogenes? What type of gene products would you try to develop as anti-oncogene compounds?

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Question 11

An autosomal dominant type of colon cancer associated with microsatellite DNA instability is ________________.

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Question 12

What is the role of oncogenes and tumor-suppressor genes, and how can mutations in these genes lead to cancer?

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Question 13

Scientists now believe that cancer can be caused by both genetic and environmental factors. Describe two environmental factors that may cause cancer regardless of your genetic make-up. What kinds of cancers do these factors usually cause?

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Question 14

Most (90 percent) of all cases of ____________________ cancer involve mutations of the MSH2 or MLH1 genes, which destabilize the genome.

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Question 15

Discuss what tumor-suppressor genes do and give an example of a disorder where these tumor-suppressor genes may be missing.

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Question 16

The products of both the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes bind to a protein involved in repair of ____________________ (what kind of DNA damage?).

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Quiz 12: Genes and Cancer