In light of persistent trade deficits, growing foreign direct investment, and the tendency of some firms and industries to seek legislative redress for marketing failures, the U.S. Congress in the past two decades has:

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Given the persistence of trade deficits and the growth of foreign direct investment, the U.S. Congress has shifted towards giving more power to the President to improve trade opportunities. This is evident in legislation such as the Trade Act of 2002, which granted the President "fast-track" authority to negotiate new trade agreements and made it easier for the U.S. to conduct trade negotiations with other countries. Additionally, the Congress has also established specific agencies such as the United States Trade Representative (USTR) which negotiates directly with foreign countries on behalf of the President.

In Light of Persistent Trade Deficits, Growing Foreign Direct Investment