Using racial classification of individuals and groups to justify enslavement, stripping away or restricting the right to vote or access to citizenship, passing Jim Crow segregation laws, and instituting 21^st century racial profiling policies are all examples of what type of racial politics in the United States?

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Using racial classification to justify oppression and discrimination is an example of racial despotism, which is a form of authoritarian rule that relies on racial division and hierarchy to maintain power. This has been a pervasive feature of US history, evident in practices such as slavery, segregation, and racial profiling. Racial hegemony refers to the dominant cultural, economic, and political power of one racial group over others, while racial democracy and racial diversity suggest a more equitable or inclusive approach to race relations that has not yet been fully realized in US society. Racial pragmatism is a term that describes a flexible or pragmatic approach to race relations that seeks to achieve practical goals without necessarily aiming for true equality or justice.

Using Racial Classification of Individuals and Groups to Justify Enslavement