Only neutral stimuli that are directly associated with the drug (e.g. sight of the drug, a drug dealer) can act as CSs, whilst stimuli that have no associations with the drug (e.g. a sound, a smell) will never become CSs, even if continuously paired with the drug consumption.

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

This statement is false. Neutral stimuli that have no direct association with the drug can become CSs if continuously paired with drug consumption. This process is known as higher-order conditioning.

Only Neutral Stimuli That Are Directly Associated with the Drug