There Are Several Important Rules About Research Ethics

There are several important rules about research ethics. Which one of the following rules is NOT among them?

A) Any study involving human subjects needs prior approval by an ethics review agency.
B) The goal of ethics review is to make sure that the study does not present undue harms to the participants.
C) Informed consent is required for any research study involving human subjects.
D) Informed consent notifies potential participants that they can withdraw from the study at any time without penalty.