Question 1

Prenatal development begins

Accepted Answer

Prenatal development begins at conception, when the sperm fertilizes the egg to form a zygote. This is the point at which a unique individual with a complete set of genetic information is created.

Question 2

The developing human organism that has just become completely embedded in the wall of the uterus is called the

Accepted Answer

The developing human organism is called an embryo after it becomes embedded in the wall of the uterus, following the zygote stage and before becoming a fetus.

Question 3

Hair and the nervous system develop during the embryonic period from cells contained in the ____ layer.

Accepted Answer

The ectoderm is the outermost layer of cells in the developing embryo and is responsible for giving rise to structures like the hair, nails, and nervous system. The mesoderm gives rise to muscles, bones, and other connective tissues; the endoderm gives rise to internal organs like the digestive system and respiratory system; and the placenta is a temporary organ that forms during pregnancy and facilitates exchange of nutrients and wastes between the mother and developing fetus.

Question 4

A physician has just informed pregnant Moesha that the human organism developing inside of her has just begun to show differentiation of its cells. As a knowledgeable student, you would know that such an organism is technically call a(n)

Accepted Answer

The answer of A physician has just informed pregnant Moesha...

Question 5

Whose behavior best exemplifies eugenics?

Accepted Answer

Eugenics is the belief in improving the genetic quality of the human population through selective breeding or controlled reproduction. Dr. Black's behavior of allowing only certain individuals to mate demonstrates a belief in selective breeding, which is a core aspect of eugenics. The other options do not necessarily relate to eugenics. In vitro fertilization (IVF) is a reproductive technology that does not involve selective breeding, and doctors monitoring the nutrition of expecting mothers or studying the effects of drugs on prenatal development are focused on improving the health of babies rather than selectively breeding for certain traits.

Question 6

The period of the zygote begins with

Accepted Answer

The period of the zygote is the time between fertilization and implantation, when the newly formed zygote travels down the Fallopian tube and reaches the uterus. Therefore, the correct choice is D, fertilization.

Question 7

If Agnieszka found out that she was conceived through in vitro fertilization, she would know for certain that

Accepted Answer

In vitro fertilization (IVF) is a process where an egg is fertilized by sperm outside the body, typically in a lab dish. This means Agnieszka was conceived in a Petri dish or similar laboratory environment.

Question 8

The period of the _______ lasts for approximately two weeks.

Accepted Answer

The period referred to in the question is the time between fertilization and implantation, which is approximately two weeks. This is known as the zygote stage. The other choices are not correct because:

- Embryo: This refers to the stage after implantation and extends until the end of the eighth week of pregnancy.
- Fetus: This refers to the stage after the eighth week of pregnancy until birth.
- Neonate: This refers to the newborn baby in the first 28 days of life.

Question 9

What began as a single fertilized egg has just separated into two distinct eggs. This indicates the formation of ____ twins that has occurred during the ____ period of development.

Accepted Answer

The separation of a single fertilized egg into two distinct eggs indicates the formation of identical twins, as each of the resulting embryos will have the same genetic material. This occurs during the zygotic period of development, which is the first two weeks after conception. Therefore, option C is the correct answer as it specifies identical twins and the correct period of development. Option A is incorrect because fraternal twins arise from separate fertilized eggs, not a single one. Option B is incorrect because although fraternal twins also form during the embryonic period (weeks 3-8), the question specifies that there was only one egg which separated into two distinct ones. Option D is incorrect because although identical twins also form during the embryonic period, the question specifies that the separation occurred before differentiation of the cells into multiple cell types, which occurs during the zygotic period.

Question 10

The ____ is the cluster of cells in the center of the zygote that will eventually develop into the baby.

Accepted Answer

The germ disc is the cluster of cells in the center of the zygote that will eventually develop into the baby. The amnion is the membranous sac that surrounds and protects the embryo. Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that can develop into any type of cell in the body. The placenta is the organ that develops in the uterus during pregnancy and allows for the exchange of nutrients, oxygen, and waste products between the mother and fetus.

Question 11

Which is not considered part of prenatal development?

Accepted Answer

Prenatal development refers to the period of development that takes place in the womb, before birth. The period of the neonate refers to the time immediately following birth, so it is not considered part of prenatal development. The other answer options (period of the zygote, period of the embryo, period of the fetus) all represent stages of prenatal development.

Question 12

At five weeks after conception, a developing human is most accurately called a(n)

Accepted Answer

At five weeks after conception, the developing human is considered an embryo. This is because the embryo has just undergone implantation in the uterus and has started to form the basic structures of the body, including the heart, brain, and spinal cord. At this stage, the embryo is about the size of a grain of rice and is vulnerable to environmental factors that can affect its development.

Question 13

The point at which a zygote burrows into the uterine wall is referred to as

Accepted Answer

The point at which a zygote burrows into the uterine wall is referred to as implantation. Fertilization is when the sperm and egg unite, niche-picking refers to an individual's tendency to seek out environments that are compatible with their genetic makeup, and dilation refers to the widening of the cervix during labor.

Question 14

Which event occurs following in vitro fertilization?

Accepted Answer

In vitro fertilization involves fertilizing an egg with sperm outside of the body in a laboratory dish. Once fertilization occurs, the resulting embryo(s) are then transferred directly into the uterus in the hopes of implantation and pregnancy. Therefore, choice A is the correct answer as it describes the next event in the process.

Question 15

Pregnant Patty's body is currently experiencing the event that triggers hormonal changes that will prevent further menstruation. This event is called

Accepted Answer

Implantation is the event that triggers hormonal changes, specifically the production of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), which signals the body to stop menstruation. Conception refers to the fertilization of an egg by sperm, dilation and effacement are related to the process of childbirth and not relevant to the question.

Question 16

The uniting of the egg and sperm (conception) typically takes place in the

Accepted Answer

The union of egg and sperm takes place in the fallopian tube. It is the site of fertilization where the egg and sperm will fuse to form a zygote. The fertilized egg will then travel to the uterus where it will implant and begin to develop into a fetus.

Question 17

A developing human that is traveling from a fallopian tube to the uterus would most accurately be described as a(n)

Accepted Answer

A developing human immediately after fertilization and as it travels from the fallopian tube to the uterus is most accurately described as a zygote. This stage occurs before it becomes an embryo.

Question 18

Damage to cells in the embryo's ____ layer would be most likely to result in the development of a defective digestive system.

Accepted Answer

The endoderm layer gives rise to the digestive system, including the stomach, intestines, and liver. Damage to this layer during embryonic development could result in a defective digestive system.

Question 19

Which statement concerning in vitro fertilization is False?

Accepted Answer

The statement that about 90 percent of in vitro fertilization attempts are successful is false. While success rates vary depending on factors such as the age of the woman and the reason for infertility, the average success rate is around 30 percent per cycle.

Question 20

I am the structure through which a mother and an embryo exchange waste and nutrients. I am called the

Accepted Answer

The placenta is an organ that develops during pregnancy and connects the mother's uterine wall to the developing embryo. It serves as a site for exchange of nutrients, oxygen, and waste products between the mother and the developing fetus.

Quiz 2: Biological Foundations: Heredity, Prenatal Development, and Birth