Question 1

Who is best associated with a theory of "multiple intelligences?"

Accepted Answer

Howard Gardner is best associated with the theory of multiple intelligences. He introduced the concept in his 1983 book "Frames of Mind: The Theory of Multiple Intelligences."

Question 2

The best example of metamemory would involve knowing that

Accepted Answer

Metamemory refers to knowledge about one's own memory processes and abilities. Knowing that a 10-word list of unfamiliar foreign words will be harder to recall than a 20-word list of familiar words is an example of metamemory because it shows an understanding of how memory works and what factors can affect memory recall. Option A is general knowledge and not related to memory processes. Option C is a simple math equation that does not relate to memory functions. Option D is knowledge about the origin of foreign words, but it does not relate to memory processes.

Question 3

If a person believes in "general intelligence," then he or she believes that

Accepted Answer

The belief in general intelligence posits that some individuals have a higher level of overall intelligence or cognitive ability that is consistent across different situations and tasks, regardless of their prior experiences or knowledge. This is also sometimes referred to as the concept of "g" or general intelligence factor. Option B suggests that intelligence is situational or task-specific, which is not consistent with the concept of general intelligence. Option C suggests that psychometric assessment cannot be used to measure intelligence, which is also not accurate. Option D is irrelevant to the belief in general intelligence.

Question 4

Tyree is extremely good at identifying the motivations and intentions of the people he meets. According to Gardner, Tyree would most likely score very well on a test of ____ intelligence.

Accepted Answer

Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences includes interpersonal intelligence, which is the ability to understand and interact effectively with other people. Tyree's talent for identifying motivations and intentions of others suggests strong interpersonal intelligence.

Question 5

Memory organization is defined as

Accepted Answer

Memory organization refers to the process of structuring related items together in memory, such as grouping similar information or categorizing items to aid in recall. Option A is incorrect because embellishment refers to the addition of details or elements that were not originally present in a memory. Option C is referring to working memory, which is a component of short-term memory used for immediate tasks. Option D refers to episodic memory, which involves personal experiences, but does not specifically relate to memory organization.

Question 6

During ____, information is always embellished.

Accepted Answer

Elaboration involves adding details and embellishments to information, making it more memorable and easier to remember. Rehearsal involves repetition without embellishment, metacognition involves thinking about one's own thought processes, and combinatorial reasoning involves combining and manipulating different pieces of information.

Question 7

Francisco is having a hard time remembering that Madison is the capital of Wisconsin. He also knows that his father will be upset if Francisco flunks his test of state capitals. Suddenly, Francisco sees a connection between these two events and realizes that he can recall the capital of Wisconsin by remembering that his dad will be mad at him if he can't remember (mad at son = Madison). In this example, Francisco is clearly using ____ to aid in his memory.

Accepted Answer

Francisco is using elaboration, which is the process of creating meaningful connections between new information and previously stored knowledge or experiences, to aid in his memory of the state capital. By associating the similar-sounding words "Madison" and "mad at son", he has created a connection that makes it easier for him to recall the information.

Question 8

Donovan is really into football and is able to remember all of the professional teams because he has mentally sorted them by division. This indicates that Donavan is using ____ to help him recall the information.

Accepted Answer

Donovan is using organization, specifically a method of grouping and categorizing information, to aid in his memory recall.

Question 9

Which provides the best example of active reading?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which provides the best example of active...

Question 10

After studying for a significant period of time, Maria is having her roommate test her to determine whether her study strategies are working. Maria is

Accepted Answer

Maria is monitoring her own learning and using her roommate as a feedback tool to determine the effectiveness of her study strategies. This shows metacognitive awareness and monitoring skills.

Question 11

When asked to describe his specialization, Oscar says, "I am mainly interested in developing ways of measuring intelligence and personality factors." Given this description, Oscar is most likely a

Accepted Answer

Psychometricians are specifically interested in developing and validating methods for measuring psychological constructs such as intelligence and personality factors.

Question 12

Elmer has discovered that in order to be successful in college, he must both pay attention to his instructor and take good notes. If Elmer is successful at engaging in both of these behaviors, he is demonstrating effective

Accepted Answer

Cognitive self-regulation involves managing one's own learning process and being able to use strategies such as paying attention and taking effective notes to be successful in college. None of the other options directly relate to Elmer's behaviors.

Question 13

Metamemory is defined as an individual's

Accepted Answer

Metamemory refers to an individual's knowledge and awareness of their own memory processes and abilities, such as knowing which strategies are effective for learning, understanding the limits of their memory capacity, and monitoring their own memory accuracy.

Question 14

Long-term memory is to working memory as

Accepted Answer

Long-term memory is characterized by its ability to store information for an extended period of time, whereas working memory is designed to hold information just long enough for it to be used in the completion of a current task. This makes long-term memory more permanent, while working memory is temporary.

Question 15

Which best describes the hierarchical view of intelligence?

Accepted Answer

The hierarchical view of intelligence consists of general intelligence, broad categories of intelligence (such as verbal, numerical, and spatial abilities), and specific skills (such as memory and problem-solving). This model emphasizes that different types of intelligence are related but distinct, and that overall cognitive ability is influenced by both genetic and environmental factors.

Question 16

Thurstone and Thurstone (1941) identified seven distinct abilities that they believed formed the basis of intelligence. One of these abilities was

Accepted Answer

Thurstone and Thurstone (1941) identified seven distinct abilities that formed the basis of intelligence, and one of these abilities was perceptual speed. The other choices - musical ability, interpersonal intelligence, and "street smarts" - were not identified as part of Thurstone and Thurstone's seven distinct abilities.

Question 17

Which provides the best example of cognitive self-regulation?

Accepted Answer

Cognitive self-regulation involves the ability to monitor and control one's own thoughts, emotions, and behaviors in order to reach a desired goal. Deciding to use flashcards to aid in memorization is an example of cognitive self-regulation because it involves actively choosing and implementing a strategy to improve one's own learning and memory, rather than simply relying on natural abilities or external factors. A, B, and D do not necessarily involve self-regulation, as they may be automatic processes or knowledge that has already been acquired.

Question 18

Theresa has just come to realize that in order to learn, she must focus her attention on her teacher, not her classmates. This indicates an advance in Theresa's ____ skills.

Accepted Answer

Metacognitive knowledge refers to an individual's awareness and understanding of their own thinking processes, including their ability to monitor, regulate, and direct their attention. Theresa's realization that she needs to focus on her teacher rather than her classmates demonstrates an improvement in her metacognitive knowledge as she is becoming aware of what strategies are effective for her own learning.

Question 19

____ are key elements of effective metacognitive knowledge.

Accepted Answer

Metacognitive knowledge involves an individual's understanding and awareness of their own thinking and learning processes. Goal selection and strategy monitoring are both important components of metacognitive knowledge, as they allow individuals to set goals for their learning and then monitor their progress towards those goals. Egocentrism, convergent thinking, centration, animism, divergent thinking, and a lack of object permanence are all aspects of cognitive development, but do not directly relate to metacognitive knowledge.

Question 20

The first memory strategy acquired by most children is

Accepted Answer

Rehearsal, or repeating information, is the simplest memory technique and is often the first strategy learned by children. It involves repeating information over and over to keep it in short-term memory, allowing for easier recall later.

Quiz 6: Off to School: Cognitive and Physical Development in Middle Childhood