Question 1

Schaie's influential study on intellectual change over time utilizes the _____ research design he invented.

Accepted Answer

Schaie's influential study on intellectual change over time utilizes the sequential research design, a method he invented that combines both cross-sectional and longitudinal designs to analyze changes in intelligence across different cohorts over time. This approach allows for a more comprehensive understanding of how intelligence changes across the lifespan by addressing the limitations of both the cross-sectional and longitudinal designs when used independently.

Question 2

In the United States, the poorest health conditions are found in those living in

Accepted Answer

Studies have consistently shown that individuals living in inner-city neighborhoods have poorer health outcomes compared to those in suburban or rural areas. This is due to a variety of factors such as limited access to healthcare, higher exposure to environmental toxins, and a lack of safe and affordable housing.

Question 3

A baseball coach tells a pitcher, "With a little training, I think that you could learn to throw a knuckleball." This provides a good example of a belief in the _______ of an ability.

Accepted Answer

The coach's statement suggests a belief in the plasticity of the pitcher's ability, meaning that it can be developed and improved with training.

Question 4

Which is not a "primary mental ability?"

Accepted Answer

Fluid intelligence is not considered a "primary mental ability" according to the theory proposed by psychologist Raymond Cattell. The primary mental abilities include number, inductive reasoning, spatial orientation, perceptual speed, verbal comprehension, and word fluency. Fluid intelligence refers to the ability to reason and problem-solve in novel situations but is not considered a primary mental ability in Cattell's theory.

Question 5

Brady has never seen an American football game. After watching about 20 plays, however, he is able to accurately describe the general premise of the game. This ability suggests that Brady is skilled at

Accepted Answer

Brady is able to make an accurate generalization about the game of American football after watching only 20 plays. This is an example of inductive reasoning, which involves generalizing from specific observations.

Question 6

Socioeconomic status and _____ are the two most important social influences on health.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Socioeconomic status and _____ are the two...

Question 7

Lai and Mei are sisters. As they have gotten older, Lai's cognitive skills have improved while Mei's have declined. This is evidence for the ____????______ of abilities.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Lai and Mei are sisters. As they...

Question 8

Mr. Brady's talents as an architect are mostly due to his ability to visualize buildings in three-dimensions are they are being designed. This suggests that Mr. Brady has outstanding _____ abilities.

Accepted Answer

Spatial orientation refers to the ability to visualize and manipulate objects in three-dimensional space, which is a key skill for architects. The other options, inductive reasoning, word fluency, and number, do not directly relate to spatial visualization abilities.

Question 9

The fact that Molly's spatial performance has declined while her verbal abilities have improved is support for the notion that intelligence

Accepted Answer

The fact that Molly's spatial performance has declined while her verbal abilities have improved suggests that intelligence is multidirectional, meaning that different abilities within intelligence can change in various directions over time. This is in contrast to the idea that intelligence is conventional (A), which would suggest that all abilities within intelligence should change in a similar direction. The fact that Molly's abilities have changed differently also speaks to the interindividual variability of intelligence (B), as different individuals may experience different changes in their abilities over time. Finally, the fact that these changes have occurred over time in Molly also supports the idea that intelligence is a life-span construct (D).

Question 10

Kali has a theory of intelligence that views it as being a combination of several factors such as fine motor skills, cognitive ability, and emotional control. Kali's theory is

Accepted Answer

Kali's theory views intelligence as being composed of multiple dimensions or factors, making it multidimensional.

Question 11

The fact that a specific aspect of intelligence can be modified at any time during the life span exemplifies the concept of

Accepted Answer

The concept of plasticity refers to the brain's ability to change and adapt throughout an individual's life. This includes the modification of specific aspects of intelligence, which may be impacted by experiences, environment, and learning opportunities. Therefore, option B is the best choice since it directly addresses this concept. The other options (A, C, and D) are not directly related to this concept.

Question 12

After taking several college courses, Chuck's short-term memory ability increased. This exemplifies the concept of

Accepted Answer

Plasticity refers to the brain's ability to change and adapt in response to experiences or learning, which is what is happening with Chuck's short-term memory ability increasing after taking college courses.

Question 13

Dr. Merchant points to a picture of elephants and asks you to describe what you see in the picture. Dr. Merchant is probably assessing

Accepted Answer

The answer of Dr. Merchant points to a picture of...

Question 14

Evidence for interindividual variability in intelligence is best demonstrated when

Accepted Answer

The answer of Evidence for interindividual variability in intelligence is...

Question 15

Who is likely to be the least healthy?

Accepted Answer

Thales, who lives in poverty, is likely to have poorer access to healthcare, nutritious food, and safe living conditions, leading to higher rates of illness and disease. The other options do not have enough information to determine their health status.

Question 16

Who has the lowest risk of dying from a chronic disease?

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that higher levels of education are associated with lower risks of chronic diseases and mortality. Therefore, Fester, who is a college graduate, has the lowest risk of dying from a chronic disease among the given choices.

Question 17

Intellectual multidirectionality is based on the premise that

Accepted Answer

Intellectual multidirectionality suggests that within an individual, some cognitive abilities can improve with age (e.g., vocabulary and knowledge), while others may decline (e.g., processing speed, working memory). This concept acknowledges the complexity and variability in cognitive aging processes.

Question 18

Dr. Ique has organized her lecture on intellectual ability around different skills that she has placed into meaningful groups. What would be the best title for Dr. Ique's lecture?

Accepted Answer

The title "You and Your Primary Mental Abilities" is the most fitting as it directly relates to Dr. Ique's lecture on different skills that fall under intellectual ability and how they can be grouped together. The other answer choices do not relate to the topic of the lecture as closely.

Question 19

Based solely on their BMI, how many of the following people are at risk for health-related diseases: Dick, BMI = 20; Flick, BMI = 40; Hick, BMI = 60; Nick, BMI = 80?

Accepted Answer

Flick, Hick, and Nick have BMIs of 40, 60, and 80, respectively, which are considered obese and are at risk for health-related diseases. Dick, with a BMI of 20, is within the normal range.

Question 20

The biggest point of contention among theories who view intelligence as multidimensional concerns the debate over

Accepted Answer

The biggest point of contention among theories who view intelligence as multidimensional concerns the debate over the number of abilities that underlie intelligence. Some theories propose that there are few, broad abilities (such as verbal, numerical, and spatial abilities), while others suggest that there are many more specific abilities that contribute to intelligence.

Quiz 10: Becoming an Adult: Physical, Cognitive, and Personality Development