The sickle cell gene is found in high frequency in certain African countries along the equator because:

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The sickle cell gene provides a survival advantage in areas where malaria is prevalent, such as certain African countries along the equator. Individuals who are carriers of the sickle cell trait (having one normal hemoglobin gene and one sickle cell gene) have some resistance to the malaria parasite, which needs to infect red blood cells to reproduce. This advantage has led to the high frequency of the sickle cell gene in these regions.

The Sickle Cell Gene Is Found in High Frequency in Certain