According to Bolles, classical conditioning involves learning---------associations and instrumental conditioning involves learning--------associations.

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Classical conditioning involves learning stimulus-stimulus (S-S) associations, where a neutral stimulus becomes associated with a significant stimulus, eliciting a response. Instrumental conditioning (also known as operant conditioning) involves learning response-stimulus (R-S) associations, where behaviors are learned based on the consequences they produce.

According to Bolles, Classical Conditioning Involves Learning---------Associations and Instrumental Conditioning