Patients who suffer from cardiovascular disease, such as congestive heart failure, may have a severely limited ability to exercise. In part, this is due to the heart's diminished ability to push blood efficiently. When disease compromises the heart's ability to function, the result is often a reduction in "ejection fraction" (EF). What is a normal value for EF during exercise?

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During exercise, the percentage of volume ejected from the heart elevates dramatically: As much as 60-80% of the heart's volume is pushed out with each beat. When the muscles of the heart do not work in synchrony, the end result can be a devastating loss in ejection fraction. Some individuals with heart disease can present with ejection fractions in the 30's and 40's which compromises their exercise capacity greatly.

Patients Who Suffer from Cardiovascular Disease, Such as Congestive Heart