Question 1

For patients on fluid-restricted diets who experience extreme thirst, you should suggest _____.

Accepted Answer

The answer of For patients on fluid-restricted diets who experience...

Question 2

Plant sources of protein are recommended for patients with kidney disease because they _____.

Accepted Answer

Plant sources of protein are recommended for patients with kidney disease because they place less demand on the kidneys compared to animal sources of protein.

Question 3

Following kidney transplantation, dietary restrictions _____.

Accepted Answer

After kidney transplantation, dietary restrictions are typically more liberalized as the transplanted kidney helps to improve kidney function and allow for a wider variety of foods to be eaten in moderation. However, immunosuppressive therapy is still necessary to prevent rejection of the new kidney. Protein intake may need to be monitored and adjusted based on individual needs and kidney function.

Question 4

Compared to standard formulas, enteral formulas suitable for chronic kidney disease _____.

Accepted Answer

Enteral formulas suitable for chronic kidney disease are designed to be more calorically dense to meet the nutritional needs of patients without overloading their kidneys. They typically contain less protein and electrolytes to reduce kidney workload and prevent the accumulation of waste products.

Question 5

Patients on a renal diet may want to increase intake of _____ to increase the energy content of meals.

Accepted Answer

Margarine is a higher calorie option that is low in protein and phosphorus, making it a suitable choice for patients on a renal diet who need to increase their energy intake. Fresh vegetables and dairy whipped toppings are lower calorie options, and whole milk and chocolate candy bars are high in protein and/or phosphorus, which may not be recommended for all patients with renal disease.

Question 6

What is the most effective way to improve the iron status of patients undergoing dialysis?

Accepted Answer

Patients undergoing dialysis often have impaired iron absorption due to inflammation and bleeding during dialysis, leading to iron deficiency anemia. While oral iron supplements may be an initial option, intravenous iron administration in conjunction with erythropoietin therapy is the most effective way to improve the iron status of these patients. Intravenous administration allows for more efficient absorption by bypassing the digestive system, and erythropoietin stimulates the production of red blood cells, increasing the body's demand for iron. Blood transfusions may be necessary in severe cases, but they carry risks and should be used as a last resort. Increasing intake of iron-rich foods alone is often not sufficient to correct iron deficiency anemia in dialysis patients.

Question 7

Compared to a hemodialysis patient, a peritoneal dialysis patient is allowed a more liberal intake of _____.

Accepted Answer

Peritoneal dialysis patients are generally allowed a more liberal intake of potassium compared to hemodialysis patients because peritoneal dialysis is a continuous process that allows for a more steady removal of potassium, whereas hemodialysis is intermittent, leading to more fluctuation in potassium levels.

Question 8

Patients with chronic kidney disease are often encouraged to consume high-fat foods to improve their energy intake. An appropriate high-fat food choice for a renal patient is _____.

Accepted Answer

Peanuts are a good choice because they are high in healthy fats and protein, but low in phosphorus which is important for renal patients to limit. Fried fish, cheese, and ice cream are all high in saturated fat and/or phosphorus, which can be harmful for those with chronic kidney disease. Milk is also high in phosphorus and may not be tolerated well by some renal patients.

Question 9

All of these factors can contribute to hypercalciuria except _____.

Accepted Answer

Impaired absorption of vitamin C does not contribute to hypercalciuria.

Question 10

Foods high in oxalate include _____.

Accepted Answer

Foods high in oxalate include spinach, so the best choice is A. Milk, bread, apples, and red meat are not particularly high in oxalate.

Question 11

Once dialysis is initiated in a patient with chronic kidney disease, the recommended protein intake _____.

Accepted Answer

Once dialysis is initiated, the protein intake recommendations become less restrictive because dialysis helps remove waste products that accumulate when the kidneys are not functioning properly, allowing for a higher protein intake.

Question 12

Which food is high in phosphorus?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which food is high in phosphorus?
...

Question 13

Calcium oxalate stones usually result from _____.

Accepted Answer

Calcium oxalate stones are most commonly formed due to high levels of calcium in the urine, a condition called hypercalciuria. The excess calcium combines with oxalate in the urine to form a stone.

Question 14

Protein-restricted diets naturally curb the intake of _____.

Accepted Answer

A protein-restricted diet will naturally limit the intake of phosphorus since high-protein foods such as meat, poultry, and fish are also rich sources of phosphorus.

Question 15

People with chronic kidney disease frequently develop vitamin and mineral deficiencies due to all of these reasons except _____.

Accepted Answer

Steatorrhea is not a common cause of vitamin and mineral deficiencies in chronic kidney disease. It refers to the presence of excess fat in feces, which is typically associated with malabsorption disorders such as pancreatic insufficiency or celiac disease. Chronic kidney disease patients may develop vitamin and mineral deficiencies due to their restrictive diets, loss of vitamins during dialysis, altered metabolism, and blood loss associated with dialysis.

Question 16

A patient with acute kidney injury has a urine output of 500 milliliters per day. The nurse determines his daily fluid needs to be about _____ milliliters.

Accepted Answer

For patients with acute kidney injury, fluid intake recommendations often include the amount of daily urine output plus an additional 400-500 milliliters to account for insensible losses (such as perspiration and respiration). Therefore, with a urine output of 500 milliliters, adding approximately 400 milliliters for insensible losses gives a total of around 900 milliliters.

Question 17

Supplements of _____ should be restricted in patients at risk for kidney stones.

Accepted Answer

Supplements of vitamin C should be restricted in patients at risk for kidney stones, as excess intake of vitamin C can increase urinary oxalate levels, which can lead to the formation of kidney stones.

Question 18

For most kidney transplant patients, dietary adjustments are required as a result of _____.

Accepted Answer

Immunosuppressive drugs are given to kidney transplant patients to prevent rejection of the transplanted kidney. These drugs have side effects, including increased risk of infection, high blood sugar, and increased appetite leading to weight gain. Therefore, dietary adjustments are required to manage these side effects. Kidney dysfunction, metabolic changes, hypertension issues, and healing issues may also require dietary adjustments, but they are not directly related to kidney transplantation.

Question 19

All of these side effects are characteristic of immunosuppressive drug therapy except _____.

Accepted Answer

Immunosuppressive drugs do not typically cause malabsorption of nutrients; instead, they may lead to glucose intolerance, fluid retention, foodborne infections due to weakened immune response, and altered blood lipids.

Question 20

The potassium content of vegetables can be reduced by a process called _____.

Accepted Answer

Leaching is a process where vegetables are soaked in water to remove undesirable components such as potassium. The potassium content of vegetables can be reduced by up to 50% by leaching.

Quiz 23: Protein - Mineral - and Fluid Modified Diets for Kidney Diseases