What Led to the Creation of American Federalism

What led to the creation of American federalism?

A) It was a middle-ground solution between the failed experiment of the Articles of Confederation and the creation of a unitary government, which would look like Britain's.
B) It was modeled after the French system because the Articles of the Confederation had failed and the Americans were unwilling to go back to a British way of life.
C) It was as close to the British system as possible without actually remaining a part of Great Britain.
D) American federalism became the only option that the framers could justify to the states because it resembled the Articles of Confederation.
E) The Articles of Confederation were a proving ground for American federalism, as the system worked well. The framers of the Constitution changed only a few elements of the Articles of Confederation.