Question 1

A patient diagnosed with a peptic ulcer is prescribed with sucralfate. Which of the following instructions should be given to the patient to ensure that the medication is taken appropriately?

Accepted Answer

Sucralfate may impede the absorption of warfarin sodium, phenytoin, theophylline, and digoxin. These medications should be administered at least two hours apart from each other. Sucralfate should be administered on an empty stomach and at least 60 minutes apart from an antacid. Constipation is a common side effect of sucralfate.

Question 2

You are assessing a 32-year-old male client. On scrotal examination, the you palpate a smooth nodule. Which of the following should you do?

Accepted Answer

The immediate action you sohuld take is to transilluminate the scrotum to examine the nodule. Only afterwards should you notify the physician.

Question 3

A patient with a history of alcoholism has been diagnosed with liver cirrhosis. Which of the following laboratory test helps in the diagnosis of this condition?

Accepted Answer

Increased bilirubin, prolonged prothrombin time, and increased alkaline phosphatase levels indicate liver damage or cirrhosis. Increase in lipase level indicates a pancreatic disorder.

Question 4

Which of the following statements accurately describes anemia?

Accepted Answer

Anemia is described as an abnormally low level of circulating red blood cells, low hemoglobin concentration, or both. Anemia may result from blood loss, increased RBC destruction, and inadequate RBC production.

Question 5

A patient is taken in the emergency vehicle due to a vehicular accident. He is in the early stage of shock. Which of the following characteristic is not true about early stages of shock?

Accepted Answer

During the early stages of shock, the body compensates for massive blood loss. The patient becomes tachycardic (due to increased total peripheral resistance), pulse pressure narrows, and the urine output is decreased (to maintain perfusion to vital organs). Metabolic acidosis is a characteristic of the progressive stage of shock. Acidosis occurs as a result of increasing hypoxemia.

Question 6

A patient with gastroesophageal reflux disease is prescribed with magnesium hydroxide. Which of the following is the most common side effect of this antacid?

Accepted Answer

Diarrhea is the most common side effect of magnesium hydroxide. Constipation is a side effect of aluminum hydroxide, sucralfate, and calcium carbonate. The other options are not correct.

Question 7

A female patient with a peptic ulcer is scheduled for vagotomy. The purpose of this surgical procedure is to:

Accepted Answer

Vagotomy is the cutting or division of the vagus nerve that stimulates vagal impulses that stimulate hydrochloric acid secretion. Options A and D refer to pyloroplasty. Option C refers to gastric resection.

Question 8

A patient presents with signs of fluid overload, changes in level of consciousness, hypertension, weight gain, and tachycardia. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis of these symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone is manifested by signs of fluid overload. Diabetes insipidus is the hyposecretion of ADH. The other options are not accurate.

Question 9

A patient was diagnosed with Diabetes Mellitus 7 years ago. The patient correctly states which of the following is not a complication of his disease?

Accepted Answer

Hypertension, instead of hypotension, is the most common complication of Diabetes Mellitus. Atherosclerosis, or the buildup of plaque along the inner lining of the blood vessel, is also commonly found in long term Diabetes. Other complications include diabetic neuropathy, nephropathy, and retinopathy.

Question 10

A patient comes to the office presenting with paroxysmal or sustained hypertension, severe headaches, palpitations, flushing, heat intolerance, and hyperglycemia. Further laboratory results reveal that the patient's levels of epinephrine and norepinephrine are excessive. Based on these findings, the patient is most likely diagnosed with:

Accepted Answer

Pheochromocytoma is a catecholamine-producing hormone, which is manifested by the increased levels of epinephrine and norepinephrine in the system. Without appropriate treatment, pheochromocytoma can cause hypertensive retinopathy, nephropathy, and cardiac enlargement, resulting in congestive heart failure.

Question 11

Which of the following laboratory findings support the diagnosis of hypoparathyroidism?

Accepted Answer

A patient with hypoparathyroidism has hypocalcemia and hyperphosphatemia. The other options are not correct.

Question 12

Which of the following is not a typical sign and symptom of renal cell carcinoma?

Accepted Answer

Renal cell carcinoma is the most common malignancy of the kidney. Renal tumors in the early stages are asymptomatic. A presentation of abdominal mass may indicate renal cell carcinoma. The symptoms of renal cell carcinoma include hematuria, flank pain, and palpable flank mass.

Question 13

A patient is scheduled to undergo needle biopsy of the kidney. Which of the following is an important consideration before letting the patient undergo this procedure?

Accepted Answer

Preparations must be done before the patient undergoes biopsy. The most important is the suspension of anticoagulant medications at least one week before the procedure. Anticoagulant studies should be carried out at least two weeks before the procedure. IV line, vital signs, and fasting are also important preparations, but ensuring that coagulation studies are normal is more significant.

Question 14

The clinical feature of interstitial cystitis includes all of the following, except:

Accepted Answer

Interstitial cystitis is the inflammation of the bladder in the absence of bacterial infection. It is believed to be caused by an autoimmune process that alters the cells of the bladder lining. The disease is characterized by frequent urination, dysuria, nocturia, and continuous perineal, vaginal, or suprapubic pain.

Quiz 1: The Physician Assistant National Recertifying Exam (PANRE)