The effects of sample size can be corrected for by taking the SS_XY value for variables X and Y and _______________ to calculate the "covariance." A) subtracting the mean of the variable B) dividing it by the degrees of freedom of the sample C) dividing it by the standard deviations of X and Y D) using a chi-square test

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SS_XY = $\sum \left( X _ { i } - \bar { X } \right) \left( Y _ { i } - \bar { Y } \right)$ ; it is divided by the degrees of freedom to calculate the covariance.

The Effects of Sample Size Can Be Corrected for by Taking