In the early part of the 20th century, Chinese immigrants in North America established restaurants and laundry businesses because they were largely excluded from all but the most menial of tasks in the waged labor force. This motivation for self-employment is often referred to as the:

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The blocked mobility thesis explains the phenomenon where minority groups, such as Chinese immigrants in early 20th century North America, turn to self-employment and entrepreneurship (like opening restaurants and laundry businesses) because they face discrimination and barriers in the mainstream job market, limiting their opportunities for advancement and forcing them to create their own economic opportunities.

In the Early Part of the 20th Century, Chinese Immigrants