The Clinical Nurse Educator on a Nephrology Unit of a Large

The clinical nurse educator on a nephrology unit of a large, urban hospital is orientating recent nursing graduates to the unit. Which of the following teaching points about acute tubular necrosis (ATN) should the educator include in the orientation session?

A) "The cardinal signs of ATN are oliguria and retention of potassium, creatinine, and sulfates."
B) "Ureteral and bladder outlet obstructions are often contributors to ATN."
C) "Trauma, burns, and major surgery are common precursors to ATN."
D) "Tubular epithelial cells are sensitive to ischemia and toxins, and damage is irreversible."