Question 1

What term is defined as the group of inflammatory diseases of the middle ear?

Accepted Answer

Otitis media is defined as the group of inflammatory diseases of the middle ear. One of the two main types is acute otitis media (AOM), an acute infection that presents with ear pain in the child.

Question 2

What type of infection is the most common childhood illness and the most frequent reason for health-care visits in U.S. children age 5 years and younger?

Accepted Answer

Acute otitis media (AOM) is the most common childhood illness and the most frequent reason for health-care visits in the United States for children age 5 years and younger. AOM affects 11% of children and their families.

Question 3

In 2010, what vaccine was given to children to protect them against 13 types of pneumococcal bacteria:

Accepted Answer

Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) was implemented in 2010 to be given to children at ages 2, 4, 6, and 12 to 15 months of age. Since the vaccine was implemented, there has been a decrease in otitis media cases.

Question 4

_____ is a complication of otitis media (OM) and is showing a significant increase in children ages 2 to 6 years.

Accepted Answer

Tympanic membrane (TM) perforation is a complication of otitis media (OM) and is now showing a significant increase of cases in children ages 2 to 6 years. Mastoiditis is showing a significant decrease in children ages 2 to 6 years.

Question 5

In 2013, how many children globally died due to acute otitis media (AOM)?

Accepted Answer

In 2013, 2,400 children globally died from acute otitis media (AOM). This was due primarily to not seeking appropriate care and lack of antibiotic therapy, which resulted in complications.

Question 6

What is a serious side effect of chronic otitis media effusion (OME)?

Accepted Answer

Hearing loss is a serious complication due to chronic otitis media effusion (OME). Hearing loss is only detected with an audiogram and is hard to detect early.

Question 7

The cause of _____ is negative pressure produced by dysfunction of the eustachian tube.

Accepted Answer

Otitis media with effusion (OME) is caused by a negative pressure produced by dysfunction of the eustachian tube.

Question 8

The ________ is defined as the division between the external and middle ear.

Accepted Answer

The tympanic membrane (TM) is defined as the division between the external and middle ear. The TM transmits sound to the cochlear, located in the inner ear.

Question 9

Which term is defined as the tiny ossicle that can be visualized through the membrane at the umbro?

Accepted Answer

The malleus, also known as the hammer, is a tiny ossicle shaped like a hammer and connects to the upper portion of the tympanic membrane. It can be visualized through the membrane at the umbo.

Question 10

Which structure is the most complex compartment of the ear?

Accepted Answer

The inner ear is the most complex compartment of the ear and is responsible for both hearing and balance functions.

Question 11

What are the special sensory organs that are responsible for hearing? Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

The cochlea and the organ of Corti are the special sensory organs that are responsible for hearing. The spiral-shaped organ of Corti is located within the cochlear duct and is composed of cells and rows of cochlear hair cells.

Question 12

Which factor does not increase a child's risk of developing acute otitis media (AOM)?

Accepted Answer

These several factors increase a child's risk of developing acute otitis media (AOM): being formula fed as an infant, exposure to secondhand smoke, use of pacifier daily, day-care attendance, male sex, age between 6 and 24 months, presence of allergic rhinitis, having a cleft palate, and having Down's syndrome.

Question 13

Which assessment provides a baseline for children's hearing and is performed routinely along with the 4-year-old-well child assessment for entry into kindergarten?

Accepted Answer

Audiometry assessment is done routinely to provide a baseline for children's hearing as well as an assessment to enter kindergarten. The assessment focuses on the evaluation of the tympanic membrane (TM) by both direct and indirect measures.

Quiz 18: Otitis Media