____________ theorists say phobias develop as defense mechanisms to ward off threatening or unacceptable impulses, while __________theorists say phobias are learned fears.

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Psychodynamic theorists suggest that phobias are a manifestation of internal psychological conflicts, acting as defense mechanisms against deep-seated anxieties or impulses. Behavioral theorists, on the other hand, argue that phobias are learned through conditioning processes, such as classical conditioning, operant conditioning, or observational learning.

____________ Theorists Say Phobias Develop as Defense Mechanisms to Ward