Under Mustapha Kemal, Turkey became a modern national state, carrying out all of the following reforms except

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Mustapha Kemal Atatürk's reforms in Turkey included separating church and state, adopting the Swiss Civil Code (which indeed has its roots in the Napoleonic Code), and changing from the Arabic to the Latin alphabet to modernize and secularize the country. However, he did not require all Turkish men to wear the fez; in fact, he banned traditional Ottoman headgear like the fez to promote Western-style dress.

Under Mustapha Kemal, Turkey Became a Modern National State, Carrying