Product Endorsers Can Help Shape Consumers' Product Opinions in Many

Product endorsers can help shape consumers' product opinions in many ways. Which of the following is not one of these ways?

A) Endorsers can be a rich source of meanings that companies wish to associate with their products.
B) Endorsers may provide testimonies of the product's effectiveness.
C) Endorsers may cause consumers to become more accepting of an ad's claims.
D) Endorsers can serve as a peripheral cue.
E) All of the above are ways in which product endorsers can shape consumers' product opinions.