To which viewpoint or school of management did Henry Towne, Robert Owen and Charles Babbage contribute?

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Henry Towne, Robert Owen, and Charles Babbage contributed to the Pre-classical viewpoint or school of management, which predates the more formalized classical and scientific management theories. This school focused on the importance of management practices and the need for skilled labor and efficient production techniques.

To Which Viewpoint or School of Management Did Henry Towne