The demographic transition sees, first, a ______ in birth and a sharp ______ in death rates as material standards of living increase above "subsistence" levels and then birth rates start to _______ rapidly too.

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The demographic transition model describes how, as societies develop, they initially experience a fall in death rates due to improvements in healthcare and nutrition, leading to population growth. Birth rates initially remain high but eventually start to decrease as well, as factors such as family planning and women's education improve.

The Demographic Transition Sees, First, a ______ in Birth and a Sharp