What Is the Generally Order of Events for the Evolution

What is the generally order of events for the evolution of an island to an atoll?

A) Subsidence and upward reef growth; rapid extrusion of lava; continued subsidence (fringing reef becomes barrier reef) .
B) Subsidence (fringing reef becomes barrier reef) ; continued subsidence and upward reef growth; rapid extrusion of lava.
C) Subsidence and upward reef growth; continued subsidence (fringing reef becomes barrier reef) ; rapid extrusion of lava.
D) Rapid extrusion of lava; subsidence (fringing reef becomes barrier reef) ; continued subsidence and upward reef growth.