What Was One of the Primary Differences Between the Social

What was one of the primary differences between the social organization of the West and Russia in the 17th and 18th centuries?

A) Russia?s merchant class was more fully developed than that of the West.
B) The West had no formal aristocracy by the 18th century, but in Russia the nobility retained their political and social function.
C) Russia saw a progressive intensification of serfdom while the West was relaxing this institution in favor of other labor systems.
D) The agricultural labor of the West was subject to a more restrictive form of serfdom than that of Russia.