The Popes Began to Claim Spiritual Authority Over the Christian

The popes began to claim spiritual authority over the Christian church because

A) Some biblical writings-mainly a passage from the Book of Matthew-could be cited in support of this idea
B) The Germanic invasions were so destructive that for a time the bishop of Rome was the only bishop remaining in the west
C) Constantine, when he moved to Constantinople, left the government of Rome in the hands of its bishop
D) Of a need to fill a power void