How Does the Size of an Issue Affect the Fees

How does the size of an issue affect the fees charged by underwriters?

A) Although large issues generally have a smaller spread,the large number of shares released means that the total fees are somewhat larger than for smaller issues.
B) Large issues generally have a similar spread to small issues and thus attract much greater fees.
C) Large issues have a reduced spread,which means that the total fees are generally the same as for smaller issues.
D) Large issues have substantially larger direct costs and,thus,must charge a larger spread in order to be profitable for the underwriter.
E) Large issues involve a flat fee rather than a spread.