Which of the following life history traits can potentially influence effective population size (Ne)?

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

All of the listed life history traits can influence effective population size (Ne). 
A) Maturation age: Species with later maturation age tend to have smaller Ne due to fewer offspring produced by each individual. 
B) Genetic relatedness: Inbreeding decreases Ne by reducing the genetic diversity within a population. 
C) Family and population size: Smaller populations tend to have a smaller Ne due to increased genetic drift and reduced gene flow. 
D) Gene flow: Gene flow between geographically separated populations can increase Ne by introducing new genetic variation.

Which of the Following Life History Traits Can Potentially Influence