Question 1

Which of the following structures is part of the forebrain?

Accepted Answer

The hypothalamus is a structure located in the forebrain. The medulla, cerebellum, and reticular formation are located in other areas of the brain.

Question 2

At age 33,Kate Adamson had a stroke that resulted in a locked-in syndrome,in which one moment she is fine and the next totally paralyzed and barely able to breathe.The stroke had damaged which part of Kate Adamson's brain?

Accepted Answer

The brainstem controls basic life-sustaining functions such as breathing and heart rate, and damage to this area can result in a locked-in syndrome where the person is fully conscious but unable to move or communicate except for the eyes.

Question 3

The reflex control centers for vital life functions like heart rate and breathing are found in the

Accepted Answer

The medulla contains the reflex control centers for vital life functions like heart rate and breathing.

Question 4

As the spinal cord joins the brain,it widens into the

Accepted Answer

As the spinal cord joins the brain, it widens into the brainstem, which connects the brain to the spinal cord and is responsible for many vital functions such as breathing, heart rate, and consciousness. The cerebrum is the largest part of the brain and is responsible for higher brain functions such as thinking and voluntary movement. The limbic system is a group of structures in the brain that are involved in emotions, motivation, and memory. The corpus callosum is a bundle of nerve fibers that connects the two hemispheres of the brain.

Question 5

Which of the following parts of the brain can be viewed as a link between the forebrain and the brainstem?

Accepted Answer

The midbrain is the part of the brain that connects the forebrain and the brainstem. It plays an important role in functions like vision, hearing, and motor control. The corpus callosum is a structure that connects the two hemispheres of the brain, but it does not connect the forebrain and the brainstem directly. The hypothalamus and the limbic system are parts of the forebrain and do not directly connect to the brainstem.

Question 6

The subcortex areas include all of the following brain areas EXCEPT the

Accepted Answer

The cerebral cortex is not part of the subcortex areas, it is the outer layer of the brain involved in higher cognitive functions such as perception, language, and decision-making. The hypothalamus, hippocampus, and medulla are all subcortex areas involved in various bodily and regulatory functions.

Question 7

Coma researcher Steven Laureys and his colleagues used fMRI to reexamine 54 patients previously diagnosed as being in a persistent vegetative state,or brain dead.Patients were repeatedly asked to imagine swinging a tennis racquet or walking down a familiar street.Five of the patients showed clearly different brain activity to the two tasks despite being unable to communicate with doctors in any other way.These results suggest that not all patients are brain-dead,but instead some may have

Accepted Answer

The symptoms described in the scenario - being unable to communicate but showing signs of awareness - are consistent with locked-in syndrome, in which patients are fully conscious but are unable to move or speak due to damage to the brainstem. The other conditions listed do not fit the symptoms described in the scenario.

Question 8

Which of the following structures is part of the hindbrain?

Accepted Answer

The cerebellum is a structure located in the hindbrain, known for its role in motor coordination and balance. The hypothalamus is located in the diencephalon and is involved in regulating homeostatic functions such as temperature and hunger. The hippocampus is located in the temporal lobe and is important for memory formation. The amygdala is located in the temporal lobe as well and is involved in emotional processing.

Question 9

The thalamus and hypothalamus are considered parts of the

Accepted Answer

The thalamus and hypothalamus are both located in the forebrain, which is the front part of the brain. They are specifically located in the diencephalon, which is a sub-region of the forebrain. The hindbrain is located at the back of the brain and includes structures such as the cerebellum and brainstem. The midbrain is a small region in the middle of the brain, and the brainstem is the lowest part of the brain that connects to the spinal cord.

Question 10

Which of the following parts of the brain looks like a small bump on the brainstem and acts as a bridge between the medulla and other brain areas?

Accepted Answer

The pons is a part of the brainstem that acts as a bridge between the medulla and other brain areas. It appears as a small bump on the brainstem. The hippocampus, hypothalamus, and limbic system are not located in this region of the brain.

Question 11

At age 33,Kate Adamson had a stroke that caused catastrophic damage to her brainstem.She was totally paralyzed and barely able to breathe but was still fully awake and aware.Kate Adamson was experiencing what is known as

Accepted Answer

Kate Adamson is experiencing locked-in syndrome, which is a condition where a person is aware and awake but unable to move or communicate due to severe paralysis of the body, including the muscles necessary for speech and writing. This is caused by damage to the brainstem and is not the same as aphasia, neglect syndrome, or agnosia.

Question 12

Through his use of stimulants and hallucinogens,Martin caused damage to his pons.Now doctors have to inject him with medication that will help

Accepted Answer

The answer of Through his use of stimulants and hallucinogens,Martin...

Question 13

The brainstem consists mainly of the

Accepted Answer

The cerebellum is not part of the brainstem; it is located just above the brainstem. The cerebral cortex is also not part of the brainstem; it is the outer layer of the cerebrum. The medulla oblongata and the cerebellum are both part of the brainstem, but the cerebellum is not the main component. Therefore, the correct answer is C, as it identifies the two main components of the brainstem.

Question 14

A karate chop to an area at the top of the neck could stop a person's heart and breathing by damaging the

Accepted Answer

The medulla oblongata controls essential bodily functions such as heart rate and breathing. Damage to this area from a karate chop to the top of the neck could potentially stop these functions, leading to death. The hippocampus, thalamus, and amygdala are all parts of the brain that are not directly involved in regulating these functions.

Question 15

Severe damage to which of the following parts of the brain would most likely result in death?

Accepted Answer

The medulla is an essential part of the brainstem that controls vital functions such as breathing and heart rate. Severe damage to the medulla can be fatal. Damage to the other listed parts of the brain may have serious consequences and impair cognitive functioning, but they are not directly responsible for controlling vital functions necessary for survival.

Question 16

Weeks after an automobile accident,a friend continues to have difficulty maintaining balance and coordinating movements.You should suspect that damage may have occurred to the

Accepted Answer

The cerebellum is responsible for coordinating movements and maintaining balance. Difficulty in maintaining balance and coordinating movements are symptoms of damage to the cerebellum, which can occur in an automobile accident. The other options listed (corpus callosum, medulla, and thalamus) are not primarily responsible for these functions.

Question 17

Muscle tone,body balance,and muscular coordination are regulated by the

Accepted Answer

Muscle tone, body balance, and muscular coordination are largely controlled by the cerebellum. The hippocampus is involved in memory and the limbic system is responsible for emotion and motivation, but not specifically these physical functions. The hypothalamus primarily regulates autonomic functions such as body temperature, hunger, and thirst.

Question 18

Christina enviously watches her tennis rival practice.She admires Sarina's control of the racket and finely coordinated movement.Having just covered the section on the brain in her psychology class,Christina states that Sarina must have a highly developed

Accepted Answer

The cerebellum plays a crucial role in coordinating voluntary movement, including the fine motor skills required for activities like tennis. Therefore, Christina's observation of Sarina's finely coordinated movement suggests that her cerebellum is highly developed. The medulla, hippocampus, and pons also play important roles in the brain, but not necessarily in the specific skills required for tennis.

Question 19

The pons acts as a bridge between the medulla and other brain areas and influences

Accepted Answer

The pons is involved in regulating sleep and arousal, which is the only option listed among the choices. The other options, such as memory, motor behavior, and higher reasoning, are associated with different brain regions or functions.

Question 20

Damage to the cerebellum would most likely result in

Accepted Answer

The cerebellum is responsible for motor coordination and fine motor control. Therefore, damage to the cerebellum would likely result in a loss of muscular coordination.

Quiz 2: A: Brain and Behavior