Question 1

Mark has been diagnosed with paranoid schizophrenia.In order to sort out which of his experiences are perceptions and which are hallucinations,he must engage in

Accepted Answer

Reality testing involves differentiating between perceptions that are based on external reality and those that are not. This process is particularly important for individuals with paranoid schizophrenia who may experience hallucinations or delusions. It helps them distinguish between what is real and what is not, and may facilitate their ability to engage in appropriate behaviors and respond effectively to their environment.

Question 2

When you put a picture puzzle together that you have seen many times,you will be using __________ processing.

Accepted Answer

Top-down processing involves using prior knowledge and experience to interpret and recognize sensory information. In this scenario, the person has seen the picture many times before and is therefore using their prior knowledge to put the puzzle together.

Question 3

Jonathan is suffering from Charles Bonnet syndrome.He tells his daughter that he wishes that he would stop seeing these "imaginary" animals in his house.Jonathan is experiencing

Accepted Answer

The answer of Jonathan is suffering from Charles Bonnet syndrome.He...

Question 4

When you use deductive reasoning,you start with a general principle and deduce specific information from this principle.Thus,deductive reasoning is similar to

Accepted Answer

Deductive reasoning involves starting with a general principle and using it to derive specific information. This is similar to top-down processing, where higher-level knowledge and expectations influence lower-level processing. Bottom-up processing, on the other hand, involves starting with specific sensory information and building up to a perception. Convergence refers to when multiple sensory inputs converge to form a perception. Perceptual accommodation refers to the brain's ability to adjust to changes in sensory input. Neither of these is directly related to deductive reasoning.

Question 5

Upon seeing the Fraser's spiral,most people must carefully trace one of the circles to confirm what is "real" in the design.This is an example of

Accepted Answer

The answer of Upon seeing the Fraser's spiral,most people must...

Question 6

A person with schizophrenia continually "hears" a voice shouting,"Buckets of blood!" when there is no one around and no radio or television is turned on.This person is experiencing a(n)

Accepted Answer

The experience described is an auditory hallucination, which is a common symptom of schizophrenia. Auditory hallucinations involve hearing sounds or voices that are not actually present.

Question 7

When you use inductive reasoning,you reason from specific facts and construct a general principle from these facts.Thus,inductive reasoning is similar to

Accepted Answer

Inductive reasoning starts with specific observations or facts and works its way up to a general principle or theory. This is similar to bottom-up processing, which involves building up perception from individual stimuli. The other choices are not related to inductive reasoning - top-down processing involves using prior knowledge to interpret new information, perceptual expectancy is the tendency to perceive things in a certain way based on experience, and perceptual habituation is the process of becoming less responsive to a stimulus over time.

Question 8

Peter,who uses PCP,sees "flaky black smoke falling from the ceiling." Peter is experiencing a

Accepted Answer

A visual hallucination is an experience in which an individual sees something that is not actually there. In this case, Peter is seeing black smoke falling from the ceiling, which indicates that he is experiencing a visual hallucination. PCP is known to cause hallucinations and other perceptual disturbances.

Question 9

Regarding Charles Bonnet syndrome,which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

This statement is false as people with Charles Bonnet syndrome are able to engage in reality testing, and are aware that their visual hallucinations are not real.

Question 10

When you put a picture puzzle together that you have never seen before,you will be using __________ processing.

Accepted Answer

Bottom-up processing involves analyzing the individual pieces or parts of a stimulus and building up to the whole. When putting together a picture puzzle, you start with the individual pieces and use their details and shapes to piece together the larger image. This is a classic example of bottom-up processing.

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a person who has Charles Bonnet syndrome?

Accepted Answer

While individuals with Charles Bonnet syndrome experience visual hallucinations, they do not have any mental disorder or disturbance. They are aware that their hallucinations are not real and can engage in reality testing.

Question 12

Individuals who have Charles Bonnet syndrome

Accepted Answer

Charles Bonnet syndrome is characterized by vivid visual hallucinations, such as seeing patterns or people, in individuals who have significant vision loss or are partially blind. While these hallucinations can be distressing, individuals with Charles Bonnet syndrome do not have any mental disturbance, nor do they lack the ability to engage in reality testing. Therefore, the best choice is A.

Question 13

Perceptual construction proceeds in two major ways,which involves __________ processing.

Accepted Answer

Top-down processing starts with cognitive processes, such as expectations or knowledge, which shape our perceptual experience. Bottom-up processing, on the other hand, starts with sensory input and builds up to more complex perceptions. Both of these ways of processing are involved in perceptual construction. Inductive, intuitive, deductive, divergent, lateral, and vertical processing are not relevant to describing perceptual construction.

Question 14

When we start with pre-existing knowledge in order to organize features into a meaningful whole,we are exhibiting

Accepted Answer

Top-down processing refers to the use of pre-existing knowledge (schemata, expectations, etc.) to organize incoming stimuli into a meaningful whole. This type of processing starts at a higher level (i.e. in the brain) and works down to the sensory receptors.

Question 15

Which of the following psychologists proposed that the simplest organization involves grouping some sensations into an object or figure that stands out on a plainer background?

Accepted Answer

The concept of grouping sensations into an object or figure that stands out on a plainer background is a key idea in Gestalt psychology.

Question 16

You decide to practice working the algebra problems that the teacher worked in class.You already know what the correct answer should be,so you work the problem with this answer in mind.This scenario illustrates

Accepted Answer

Top-down processing refers to using prior knowledge, expectations and context to interpret and make sense of new information. In this scenario, the student is using their prior knowledge of the correct answer to work the problem, indicating top-down processing.

Question 17

If you think you see a three-foot-tall butterfly,you can confirm you are hallucinating by trying to touch its wings.You are engaging in

Accepted Answer

Reality testing involves checking to see if an experience or perception is actually happening in reality. By attempting to touch the wings of a three-foot-tall butterfly, one would quickly realize that it is not real and therefore confirm that they are hallucinating. This process of reality testing is important for individuals to distinguish between what is real and what is not in their environment.

Question 18

The organization of information starting with low-level features and building into a complete perception is known as

Accepted Answer

Bottom-up processing is the organization of information starting with low-level features, such as basic sensory information, and gradually building up to a complete perception. The process is entirely data-driven, and no prior knowledge or expectation influences it.

Question 19

Which of the following is a major symptom of psychosis,dementia,epilepsy,migraine headaches,alcohol withdrawal,and drug intoxication and is also one of the clearest signs that a person has "lost touch with reality"?

Accepted Answer

Hallucinations are a major symptom of psychosis, dementia, epilepsy, migraine headaches, alcohol withdrawal, and drug intoxication. They are also one of the clearest signs that a person has "lost touch with reality." Illusions may also occur in some of these conditions, but they are not as specific to a loss of reality testing. Stroboscopic movement and reality testing are not major symptoms of these conditions.

Question 20

Older people who are partially blind but not mentally disturbed may "see" people,animals,building,plants,and other objects appear and disappear in front of their eyes.This rare condition is known as

Accepted Answer

The condition where partially blind but mentally sound people "see" objects appear and disappear is called Charles Bonnet syndrome. Paranoid schizophrenia is a mental illness characterized by delusions and hallucinations, while Klinefelter's and Turner's syndromes are genetic conditions that affect sex chromosome development.

Quiz 4: B: Sensation and Perception