Question 1

According to which psychological approach are emotional disorders the end product of a faulty self-image when anxious individuals build up unrealistic mental images of themselves?

Accepted Answer

The humanistic approach, particularly associated with Carl Rogers, suggests that emotional disorders can result from a discrepancy between one's self-image and reality, leading to conditions like anxiety when individuals maintain unrealistic perceptions of themselves. This approach emphasizes personal growth and self-actualization, focusing on how distorted self-perceptions can lead to emotional distress.

Question 2

A behavioral therapist would view unhealthy anxiety as

Accepted Answer

A behavioral therapist would view unhealthy anxiety as the effects of learning and conditioning, such as developing fear through a negative experience or being taught to fear something by others. The therapist would focus on changing the behavior through techniques like desensitization and exposure therapy.

Question 3

Which of the following is the unavoidable anguish that comes from knowing we are personally responsible for our lives and need to make wise and courageous choices in order to find meaning in this impersonal world?

Accepted Answer

Existential anxiety stems from the realization of one's own responsibility in giving meaning to life and making choices in an inherently indifferent or impersonal universe. This form of anxiety is associated with the contemplation of one's existence, freedom, and the inevitability of making decisions that define one's being.

Question 4

Mitzi's therapist tells her that her anxiety is due to her failure to make choices in her life that truly reflect what she values,feels,and believes.He encourages Mitzi to make wise and courageous choices in her life and take responsibility for finding meaning and happiness in life.Mitzi's therapist supports the __________ approach.

Accepted Answer

The therapist's emphasis on Mitzi taking responsibility for finding meaning and happiness in life aligns with the existential approach, which focuses on individuals making choices and taking responsibility for their own lives. The cognitive approach focuses on how individuals think and process information, the psychodynamic approach focuses on unresolved unconscious conflicts, and the behavioral approach focuses on how behavior is shaped by rewards and punishments.

Question 5

A therapist begins treatment of Amy's hypochondriasis by asking extensive questions to find out how Amy sees herself and if she has built up any unrealistic mental images of herself.This interview is representative of the __________ approach.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A therapist begins treatment of Amy's hypochondriasis...

Question 6

According to Freud,anxiety disorders result from

Accepted Answer

According to Freud, anxiety disorders result from the use of rigid defense mechanisms to try to control forbidden impulses, such as repression, denial, and projection. Freud believed that anxiety arises when these impulses become too threatening to the ego and are repressed into the unconscious, leading to psychological tension and symptoms of anxiety.

Question 7

"I believe Amanda's anxiety and defensiveness are the result of an unrealistic self-image,which leaves her vulnerable to contradictory information that threaten her faulty self-image." This statement would most likely have been made by which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Humanistic psychologists focus on self-image and the discrepancies between one's self-image and reality, which can lead to issues like anxiety and defensiveness. They emphasize personal growth and self-actualization, and the statement reflects this perspective by highlighting the impact of an unrealistic self-image on emotional well-being.

Question 8

Dr.Bardo sees threats to one's self-image being the key element to understanding anxiety attacks,conversion reactions,and similar symptoms.Dr.Bardo utilizes the __________ approach.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Dr.Bardo sees threats to one's self-image being...

Question 9

Which approach would explain that phobias are acquired through classical conditioning and the hypochondriac's "sickness behavior" is reinforced by sympathy and attention?

Accepted Answer

The behavioral approach explains how phobias can be acquired through classical conditioning, and how the hypochondriac's behavior is reinforced by sympathy and attention.

Question 10

According to the behaviorists,which of the following occurs when making a response delays or prevents the onset of a painful or unpleasant stimulus?

Accepted Answer

According to behaviorists, when making a response delays or prevents the onset of a painful or unpleasant stimulus, it leads to avoidance learning. This means that an individual learns to avoid certain behaviors or situations in order to prevent unpleasant consequences.

Question 11

Which psychological perspective explains that people who are anxious are living in "bad faith," that is,they have collapsed in the face of the awesome responsibility to choose a meaningful existence and have,instead,made choices that do not truly reflect what they value,feel,and believe?

Accepted Answer

The existential perspective emphasizes on individual's unique experience of being human, including the realization of one's mortality and the responsibility to make meaningful choices. It suggests that anxiety arises when individuals have not fully embraced their freedom and responsibility to make choices reflective of their values and beliefs, and instead, have settled for a life that does not align with their true selves.

Question 12

The Freudian explanation of anxiety disorders emphasizes

Accepted Answer

The Freudian explanation of anxiety disorders emphasizes the role of forbidden sexual and aggressive impulses that threaten a loss of control, which leads to anxiety.

Question 13

A behavioral therapist would explain the hypochondriac's "sickness behavior" as

Accepted Answer

A behavioral therapist would view the hypochondriac's behavior as being reinforced by the sympathy and attention he or she receives. This means that the person may continue to believe they are sick because they are receiving attention and sympathy from others for their supposed illness. The behavior is seen as being maintained by external factors, rather than internal processes such as unconscious conflicts or distorted thinking.

Question 14

Adolescents may experience considerable which of the following as they develop their identity and realize that they are personally responsible for their lives?

Accepted Answer

Existential anxiety is a common experience for adolescents as they develop their identity and realize that they are personally responsible for their lives. This can include anxiety about the meaning and purpose of life, pondering their own mortality, and questioning their beliefs and values. Moral anxiety may also be a factor, but it is more specifically related to concerns about moral and ethical behavior rather than broader existential questions. Inappropriate conditioning and forbidden id impulses are more specific to psychoanalytic theory and may not apply as broadly to adolescent development.

Question 15

An existentialist therapist would view unhealthy anxiety as

Accepted Answer

Existentialist therapy focuses on helping individuals find meaning in their lives, and unhealthy anxiety can signal a loss of meaning or purpose. This approach is less concerned with the unconscious mind or cognitive distortions, making options B, C, and D less fitting choices.

Question 16

Unhealthy anxiety reflects a loss of meaning in one's life,according to the __________ perspective.

Accepted Answer

The existential perspective focuses on the search for meaning and purpose in life, and suggests that unhealthy anxiety arises when individuals feel a lack of meaning or purpose.

Question 17

According to Carl Rogers,when the information we get from the outside world contradicts our perceptions of ourselves,we become vulnerable to

Accepted Answer

According to Carl Rogers, when there is a discrepancy between one's self-concept and external experiences, it leads to a state of incongruence or discrepancy. This state of incongruence can lead to anxiety, which in turn can lead to a conversion reaction or anxiety attacks. Therefore, choice A is the best answer. Split personalities, schizophrenia, and delusional disorders are not directly related to incongruence according to Rogers.

Question 18

According to the behavioral approach,anxiety attacks may reflect which of the following that have generalized to new situations?

Accepted Answer

The behavioral approach suggests that anxiety is a conditioned emotional response, learned through classical conditioning. Therefore, anxiety attacks may be triggered by stimuli that have become associated with the original fear-inducing situation. This process is known as stimulus generalization, meaning the anxiety response has generalized to new situations.

Question 19

Which of the following is a Freudian interpretation of an anxiety-based disorder?

Accepted Answer

The interpretation of Steve's compulsive neatness as an exaggerated superego response to impulsive feelings is a classic Freudian explanation for obsessive-compulsive disorder. The superego represents the internalized rules and values imposed by society and morality, and an overactive superego can cause anxiety and compulsive behavior as a way to alleviate guilt and maintain control.

Question 20

Behaviorists believe that the symptoms of anxiety are the result of

Accepted Answer

Behaviorists believe that anxiety symptoms are the result of inappropriate conditioning, where a person has learned to associate certain stimuli with fear or anxiety. This conditioning can occur through experiences or reinforcement. For example, if a person has a traumatic experience in a certain situation, they may develop anxiety around that situation. Alternatively, if a person is reinforced for avoiding a certain situation or object due to anxiety, they may continue to feel anxious in similar situations. This understanding of anxiety can lead to the use of behavioral techniques, such as systematic desensitization or exposure therapy, to help the person unlearn these associations and reduce their anxiety symptoms.

Quiz 14: C: Psychological Disorders