In USVYoung,where Young Appealed a Long Prison Sentence He Was Given

In U.S.v.Young,where Young appealed a long prison sentence he was given for running an investment scam,the appeals court held that the sentence should not be altered because:

A) the defendants knew that the consequences of their fraud extended well beyond their own banks and investors
B) the defendants could not have known that the consequences of their fraud extended well beyond their own banks and investors
C) the Sentencing Guidelines are constitutional
D) the Sentencing Guidelines are backed by the executive branch
E) none of the other choices are correct