The Exposure to Foreign Exchange Risk Known as Translation Exposure

The exposure to foreign exchange risk known as Translation Exposure may be defined as

A) changes in reported owners' equity in consolidated financial statements caused by a change in exchange rates.
B) the impact of settling outstanding obligations entered into before change in exchange rates but to be settled after change in exchange rates.
C) the change in expected future cash flows arising from an unexpected change in exchange rates.
D) all of the above.