Which of the following does not contribute to the establishment of a vertical osmotic gradient in the interstitial fluid of the renal medulla?
A)The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
B)Countercurrent multiplication in the long loops of Henle of juxtamedullary nephrons
C)Urea recycling between the collecting tubule and long loops of Henle
D)All of the above contribute to the establishment of the gradient.
E)None of the above contribute to the establishment of the gradient.

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system primarily regulates blood pressure and electrolyte balance, and does not directly contribute to the establishment of a vertical osmotic gradient in the interstitial fluid of the renal medulla. Choice B and C, countercurrent multiplication and urea recycling, respectively, are key mechanisms that contribute to the establishment and maintenance of the osmotic gradient in the renal medulla. Therefore, answer D and E are incorrect.

Which of the Following Does Not Contribute to the Establishment