Question 1

The following questions refer to the diagram of an embryo sac of an angiosperm shown below.
 
-The ________ produces the pollen tube in the above figure.

Accepted Answer

The tube cell located in the pollen grain produces the pollen tube which will grow down through the style to the embryo sac in the female reproductive structure of the flower.

Question 2

Which of the following is a scientific concern related to creating genetically modified crops?

Accepted Answer

Herbicide resistance could potentially transfer to weedy species, creating superweeds that are difficult to control with herbicides. This could have significant ecological and agricultural impacts.

Question 3

Which of the following statements reflects a disadvantage of using biofuels?

Accepted Answer

One of the major disadvantages of using biofuels is that land used to grow crops for biofuels cannot be used to grow crops for human consumption. This can lead to food shortages and increased food prices, particularly in developing countries where food insecurity is already a major concern.

Question 4

A parent with an S₁S₂ genotype exhibiting gametophytic self-incompatibility could potentially fertilize which of the following plant genotypes of the same species with pollen grains?

Accepted Answer

The answer of A parent with an S₁S₂ genotype exhibiting...

Question 5

Under which conditions would asexual plants have the greatest advantage over sexual plants?

Accepted Answer

Asexual plants would have the greatest advantage in a relatively constant environment with infrequent disturbances because they can quickly and efficiently produce offspring without the need for a mate, saving time and energy. In a predictable environment, sexual reproduction may not provide much advantage as the next generation can be produced asexually without the cost of sexual reproduction. In an environment with irregular fluctuations or disturbances (such as a fire-maintained ecosystem), sexual reproduction can provide genetic diversity that asexual reproduction may not be able to keep up with. An environment with many seed predators may also select for sexual reproduction as the genetic diversity produced from sexual reproduction can help to better resist predation.

Question 6

One major potential benefit resulting from protoplast fusion experiments in agriculturally relevant species is

Accepted Answer

Protoplast fusion experiments can allow for the fusion of species that are sexually incompatible in nature, resulting in the creation of offspring with traits from both parents. This can lead to the development of new plant varieties with desired traits, such as disease resistance or increased yield.

Question 7

All of the following strategies are being pursued with the goal of preventing transgene escape from genetically modified crops except

Accepted Answer

Hybridization of transgenic crop genes with related wild weeds would actually increase the risk of transgene escape, as the transgenes could inadvertently be transferred to the wild weed population through natural hybridization. The other options (A, B, C, D) are all strategies that have been pursued to prevent transgene escape.

Question 8

The most immediate potential benefits of introducing genetically modified crops include

Accepted Answer

Genetically modified crops can be engineered to have increased resistance to pests and disease, improved tolerance to environmental stresses such as drought or heat, and increased efficiency in nutrient uptake. This results in higher crop yields, which can help to address issues of food security and potentially reduce the price of food.

Question 9

The following questions refer to the diagram of an embryo sac of an angiosperm shown below.
 
-Based on the above figure, which cell(s)guide(s)the pollen tube to the egg cell?

Accepted Answer

The answer of The following questions refer to the diagram...

Question 10

The following questions refer to the diagram of an embryo sac of an angiosperm shown below.
 
-Based on the above figure, which cell(s)become(s)the triploid endosperm?

Accepted Answer

The two polar nuclei in the central cell (cell C) fuse with a sperm cell to form the triploid endosperm.

Question 11

The following questions refer to the diagram of an embryo sac of an angiosperm shown below.
 
-Based on the above figure, which cell(s), after fertilization, give(s)rise to the embryo plant?

Accepted Answer

The cell labeled as B gives rise to the embryo plant after fertilization. Specifically, the fertilization of the egg cell contained in the embryo sac by a sperm cell leads to the development of a zygote, which divides repeatedly to form an embryo plant. The other cells in the embryo sac, including A, C, D, and E, are involved in supporting the development of the embryo and/or the female reproductive structures of the plant.

Question 12

A parent with an S₁S₂ genotype exhibiting sporophytic self-incompatibility can potentially fertilize which of the following plant genotypes of the same species with pollen grains?

Accepted Answer

In sporophytic self-incompatibility, the incompatibility reaction is controlled by the genotype of the stigma tissue. Therefore, a parent with an S₁S₂ genotype can only fertilize plants with genotypes that do not contain S₁ or S₂ alleles. The only genotype listed that does not contain S₁ or S₂ alleles is S₃S₄, so choice C is the correct answer.

Question 13

Which of the following is proving to be the most difficult task for plant breeders regardless of the techniques they use for crop improvement due to the complexity of the metabolic pathways involved?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is proving to...

Question 14

Biofuels are mainly produced by

Accepted Answer

Biofuels are produced by the breakdown of plant material into sugars that can then be fermented to produce ethanol or other biofuels. This breakdown can be achieved through various methods, including enzymatic hydrolysis, acid hydrolysis, and steam explosion. Once the sugars are extracted, they are fermented by microorganisms to produce biofuels such as ethanol. Therefore, choice A is the best answer as it correctly describes the process of producing biofuels.

Question 15

The following questions refer to the diagram of an embryo sac of an angiosperm shown below.
 
-What is the function of the triploid endosperm?

Accepted Answer

The triploid endosperm is the food-storing tissue of the seed. It provides nutrients for the developing embryo as it grows into a seedling.

Question 16

Which of the following is not a means of asexual reproduction in plants?

Accepted Answer

Wind pollination is a means of sexual reproduction in plants, not asexual reproduction. Asexual reproduction in plants can occur through fragmentation, root systems giving rise to adventitious shoots, apomixis, and vegetative buds.

Question 17

One disadvantage of monoculture is that

Accepted Answer

Monoculture crops lack genetic diversity, making them more susceptible to pests and diseases that can wipe out entire yields.

Question 18

Which of the following statements is true of protoplast fusion?

Accepted Answer

Protoplast fusion is a method used to combine genomes from two plants, resulting in new plant varieties with desirable traits. It involves removing the cell wall and fusing the protoplasts (cells without cell walls) from two different plant species or varieties. It has been used for crop improvement, such as creating plants with improved disease resistance or nutritional value.

Question 19

A transgenic plant is one that

Accepted Answer

A transgenic plant is one that has had genes from another species inserted into its genome. This is achieved through genetic engineering techniques, such as gene transfer or transformation. The purpose of this is often to introduce new traits, such as resistance to pests or herbicides, or to enhance nutritional value.

Question 20

Which of the following is a successful example of the commercial use of transgenic crops?

Accepted Answer

The insertion of Bt toxin genes into cotton, maize, and potato crops has led to successful control of certain insects without the need for harmful pesticides. This has resulted in higher yields and reduced environmental damage, making it a successful example of the commercial use of transgenic crops.

Quiz 38: Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

The following questions refer to the diagram of an embryo sac of an angiosperm shown below. -The ________ produces the pollen tube in the above figure.