Question 1

A bilateral kinship group that is most like a lineage is called a

Accepted Answer

A ramage is a bilateral kinship group that is similar to a lineage in that it traces descent from a common ancestor, but it is less inclusive and more flexible in its membership than a lineage. A family refers to a group of people related by blood or marriage, while a clan is a group of people who claim descent from a common ancestor, usually through the male line. A phratry is a grouping of two or more clans that share a common ancestry or religious tradition.

Question 2

A person one is related to by marriage is called a(n) relative.

Accepted Answer

A person related by marriage is called an affinal relative. The other answer choices refer to different types of kinship relationships - consanguine refers to blood relatives, endogamous refers to marrying within a specific group or community, and exogamous refers to marrying outside of one's own social group or community.

Question 3

In an epilogue to her article "Mother's Love: Death Without Weeping," Scheper-Hughes argues that the primary cause of the decline in infant mortality on the Alto do Cruzeiro was a result of

Accepted Answer

Scheper-Hughes notes that the primary cause of the decline in infant mortality on the Alto do Cruzeiro was the installation of water pipes that carried clean water to virtually every home in the shantytown. This led to significant improvements in hygiene and sanitation, thereby reducing the incidence of waterborne diseases that were responsible for many infant deaths. National health care agents did not play a significant role in lowering infant mortality rates, and while an infant training program was offered by a North American mission, it did not have a significant impact on overall mortality rates. Finally, Scheper-Hughes does not mention the availability of a "morning after" pill as a contributing factor to the decline in infant mortality rates.

Question 4

The marriage of one woman to more than one man simultaneously is called

Accepted Answer

Polyandry is the practice of one woman being married to multiple men at the same time. Exogamy refers to marrying outside of one's social group or community, while endogamy is marrying within one's group. Polygyny, on the other hand, refers to one man being married to multiple women at the same time.

Question 5

An older married couple,together with their married sons,their daughters-in-law,and their grandchildren,all living in a single household,is a classic example of

Accepted Answer

An extended family refers to multi-generational households, where parents, children, and other relatives such as grandparents, aunts, uncles, and cousins live together. In this scenario, the older married couple, their married sons, daughters-in-law, and grandchildren all living in a single household, is a perfect example of an extended family. The nuclear family refers to parents and their children living together. A lineage refers to a family line tracing descent from a common ancestor, and ramage is not a valid term in the context of family structures.

Question 6

A relationship between two people that is socially recognized and which confers birth-status rights on children is called

Accepted Answer

The relationship between two people that confers birth-status rights on children is called marriage. While kinship and family are related concepts, they do not necessarily involve the legal and social recognition that marriage does. A rite of passage involves a ceremonial transition from one social status to another, but it does not necessarily involve the legal or social recognition of a relationship between two people.

Question 7

According to Scheper-Hughes in "Mother's Love: Death Without Weeping," three of the following statements are true about how the death of poor babies were treated in Alto do Cruzeiro and Bom Jesus de Mata,Brazil.Which one is not?

Accepted Answer

In "Mother's Love: Death Without Weeping," Scheper-Hughes explains that midwives and other women in the community did not encourage mothers to grieve for their dead babies. Instead, they often downplayed the significance of the loss and urged mothers to have more children to replace the ones they had lost. The other three statements are true: poor babies were often buried without headstones or markers, infant graves were reused for other burials, and civil authorities only required a brief report when a baby died.

Question 8

On the basis of her work in northeastern Brazil and on literature describing practices in other parts of the world,Scheper-Hughes feels that

Accepted Answer

Scheper-Hughes's work suggests that in environments with high infant mortality rates, such as northeastern Brazil, mothers may develop coping mechanisms to deal with the likelihood of their infants' deaths. This includes maintaining emotional distance to protect themselves from the pain of loss, indicating that the grieving process and attachment behaviors can be influenced by the harsh realities of their living conditions.

Question 9

According to McCurdy in "Family and Kinship in Village India," the term patrilineage refers to

Accepted Answer

McCurdy defines patrilineage as a group of closely related men who are all descended from a known ancestor through the male line. This is distinct from a matrilineage, which is a group of closely related women who are all descended from a known ancestor through the female line. Option A and B are incorrect as they refer to patriclan, which is a smaller kinship unit within a patrilineage.

Question 10

According to McCurdy in "Family and Kinship in Village India,"

Accepted Answer

McCurdy argues that extended kinship systems are well suited for organizing the holding of land in agrarian societies. He observes that in village India, where land is the most valuable resource, landholding patterns are determined by kinship relations. For example, paddy fields are often held by patrilineal kinship groups and garden plots by matrilineal ones.

Question 11

The Catholic Church's theology of liberation changed the way the Church handled infant
Deaths.Under this theology,

Accepted Answer

The answer of The Catholic Church's theology of liberation changed...

Question 12

In "Mother's Love: Death Without Weeping," Scheper-Hughes reports that about infants died in Alto do Cruzeiro,Brazil,in 1965.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In "Mother's Love: Death Without Weeping," Scheper-Hughes...

Question 13

When a man is simultaneously married to two or more women,anthropologists call the arrangement

Accepted Answer

Polygyny is the practice of having multiple wives at the same time, which is the case when a man is married to two or more women. Polygamy is a broader term that refers to any marriage arrangement involving more than two partners. Polyandry, on the other hand, is the practice of one woman having multiple husbands at the same time, which is uncommon. Exogamy refers to the cultural practice of seeking a spouse outside of one's own social group or community.

Question 14

Descent from a common ancestor through males only is called

Accepted Answer

Patrilineal descent is the tracing of descent through the male line, with a focus on the father's side of the family. This is in contrast to matrilineal descent, which traces descent through the female line, and bilateral descent, which takes into account both the father's and mother's side of the family. Endogamy refers to the practice of marrying within a specific group or community.

Question 15

According to Scheper-Hughes in "Mother's Love: Death Without Weeping," doctors in the Brazilian town of Bom Jesus de Mata often

Accepted Answer

Scheper-Hughes argues that doctors in Bom Jesus de Mata often failed to recognize malnutrition as the primary cause of illness among poor babies. Instead, they would diagnose and treat symptoms such as diarrhea or fever, but not address the underlying issue of malnourishment. This contributed to high rates of infant mortality in the community.

Question 16

The cultural rule that prohibits sexual intercourse among defined classes of relatives is called

Accepted Answer

The cultural rule that prohibits sexual intercourse among defined classes of relatives is called the incest taboo. The other options, polygamy, endogamy, and hypergamy, refer to different cultural practices and norms related to marriage and sexual relationships, but do not specifically deal with the prohibition of sexual intercourse among relatives.

Question 17

_____________ are unilineal descent groups composed of lineages. Their members recognize descent from a common ancestor, but cannot usually trace their actual genealogical connections.

Accepted Answer

Clans are unilineal descent groups composed of lineages. While members of clans recognize descent from a common ancestor, they cannot usually trace their actual genealogical connections. Ramages and kindreds are not commonly used terms in anthropology, and families are generally not considered unilineal descent groups as they can involve both patrilineal and matrilineal ties.

Question 18

When it is preferred that a woman marry a man from her own village,we call the arrangement

Accepted Answer

Endogamy is the practice of marrying within one's own social group, such as within one's own village, caste, or religion. Therefore, when a woman is expected or preferred to marry a man from her own village, it is an example of endogamy. Polygyny refers to a man having multiple wives, polyandry refers to a woman having multiple husbands, and exogamy refers to the practice of marrying outside of one's social group.

Question 19

A rule of relationship that links people together on the basis of reputed common ancestry is called

Accepted Answer

Descent is the rule of relationship that links people together on the basis of reputed common ancestry. Affinity refers to the relationships formed through marriage or other forms of alliance. Patrilineality refers to the tracing of descent through the male line. Social organization is a broader term that encompasses various aspects of social structure and culture.

Question 20

According to Scheper-Hughes in "Mother's Love: Death Without Weeping," poor Brazilian mothers living in a shantytown near the town of Bom Jesus de Mata

Accepted Answer

Scheper-Hughes observed that poor Brazilian mothers in the shantytown near Bom Jesus de Mata often stayed emotionally detached from their babies, especially those they believed were likely to die. This detachment was a coping mechanism in an environment where infant mortality was high.

Quiz 5: Kinship and Family