The seminal adverse impact case is the Supreme Court's 1971 decision in __________.

Question

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Griggs v. Duke Power Co. set the precedent for establishing adverse impact as a form of discrimination under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. The case involved Duke Power Co. requiring a high school diploma and passing of an intelligence test for employees to be eligible for transfer or promotion. The Supreme Court found that these requirements had a disparate impact on African American employees, who had been historically disadvantaged in access to education and opportunities for advancement, and were not related to job performance. This decision led to the development of the "business necessity" defense, which requires employers to show that their job requirements serve a legitimate business purpose and are necessary for job performance.

The Seminal Adverse Impact Case Is the Supreme Court's 1971