Question 1

Depending on the business and activities of their opponents-a business,the military,and so on-protesters try to change __________ through persuasion,intimidation,and imposing costs (financial or otherwise)upon them.

Accepted Answer

Protesters aim to change the behavior of their opponents by using various tactics such as persuasion, intimidation, and imposing costs.

Question 2

The Civil Rights movement benefited from what kind of SMO for support and organization,especially in the South?

Accepted Answer

Black churches played a crucial role in providing support and organization for the Civil Rights movement in the South. They served as meeting places, provided resources, and helped mobilize the community around the cause of fighting for equal rights and justice.

Question 3

To a sociologist taking the cultural approach to the rise of social movements,why would there be no real support for an animal rights movement in the United States 200 years ago?

Accepted Answer

200 years ago, societal norms and cultural perceptions did not support the idea of animal rights. Most people viewed animals as tools for labor, entertainment media humanizing animals was absent, and Eastern philosophies that respected animals were not prevalent in the U.S.

Question 4

When studying the motivations of a protest movement,why is it necessary to consider what the protestors think and feel?

Accepted Answer

Understanding the perceptions and emotions of protestors is crucial in understanding the goals behind the protest movement. Their perceptions provide insights into the ideas, mobilization, and broader environment that led to the formation of the movement.

Question 5

Early theorists in the nineteenth century more often studied protesters in crowds as __________.

Accepted Answer

Early theorists in the nineteenth century viewed protesters in crowds as frustrated and sometimes irrational individuals, as they believed that these individuals were driven by emotions rather than reasoning. They saw crowds as an irrational and dangerous force that could destabilize society.

Question 6

One way to undermine the credibility of an opponent is __________.

Accepted Answer

Using the media, such as press releases, faxes, Twitter, and television, can be an effective way to spread negative information about an opponent and undermine their credibility. By controlling the narrative and framing the opponent in a negative light, their reputation can be damaged and their arguments dismissed by the public. This strategy can be particularly effective in today's digital age, where information can spread quickly and reach a wide audience.

Question 7

__________ are webs of connections that link individuals and organizations to one another for communication and other exchanges,such as funding.

Accepted Answer

The answer of __________ are webs of connections that link...

Question 8

People who lived during the Great Depression would not have imagined such an annual event as Earth Day.They could not afford the kind of lives that allow for the __________ that developed after World War II.

Accepted Answer

The answer of People who lived during the Great Depression...

Question 9

According to McAdam (1982),a movement that inspires _________ can achieve what is called "cognitive liberation."

Accepted Answer

According to McAdam, a movement that inspires a sense of optimism and efficacy can achieve cognitive liberation, which is the belief that change is not only possible but also achievable. This sense of empowerment can motivate individuals to actively participate in the movement and work towards achieving their goals.

Question 10

Following the Stonewall riots of June 1969,a gay and lesbian liberation movement developed that relied on __________ to organize a militant response and quickly spread to other cities.

Accepted Answer

The Stonewall riots occurred before the advent of the Internet, so option A cannot be the correct answer. There is no evidence to suggest that the armed forces provided support for the gay and lesbian liberation movement in the aftermath of the Stonewall riots, so option B is unlikely. While transgender allies undoubtedly played a role in the movement, the question focuses on the factors that enabled the movement to spread quickly after Stonewall, so option D is not the best choice. Option C, a covert urban subculture, is the most accurate and widely accepted description of the social and political conditions that fueled the post-Stonewall gay and lesbian liberation movement.

Question 11

How do researchers who study social movements explain why some social movements are linked to one another?

Accepted Answer

Researchers explain that social movements are linked through shared leaders, participants, and social networks, as well as similar political conditions that encourage simultaneous formation.

Question 12

Research suggests that __________ committed antiabortion activists had ambiguous views about abortion or even considered themselves "pro-choice" when they initially joined the movement;it was only after they spent some time in the movement,interacting with long-term activists,that they came to emphatically oppose abortions.

Accepted Answer

Research indicates that 40 percent of committed antiabortion activists initially had ambiguous views about abortion or considered themselves "pro-choice" before becoming more opposed after engaging with the movement.

Question 13

According to Charles Kurzman (1996),what perception motivated Iranian protesters who toppled the shah's regime in the late 1970s?

Accepted Answer

According to Charles Kurzman's book "The Unthinkable Revolution in Iran," the sudden belief that they could and would win was the perception that motivated Iranian protesters who toppled the shah's regime in the late 1970s. Kurzman argues that this perception was a key factor in their success, as it gave them the motivation and confidence to continue protesting even in the face of violent repression. Other factors, such as the support of clerics and the weakness of the shah's regime, also played a role in the revolution's success.

Question 14

The first to do so effectively,the Arab Spring and the Occupy Wall Street movements used _________ to recruit and mobilize protests.

Accepted Answer

The Arab Spring and Occupy Wall Street movements both heavily utilized social media platforms, such as Facebook and Twitter, to organize and mobilize their protests. These platforms allowed for quick dissemination of information and coordination among protesters.

Question 15

When vegans carry signs that read "meat is murder" or when antiabortion marchers hand out literature illustrated with gruesome photographs,they are engaged in __________ to attract new members and like-minded sympathizers.

Accepted Answer

These actions are examples of "moral shock," which is a tactic used to evoke an emotional response or a sense of outrage from the public, with the aim of attracting new members and sympathizers to a cause by highlighting the moral implications of an issue.

Question 16

A __________ is special term that describes a person's belief that he or she belongs to a certain group with distinctive characteristics and interests,such as a pro-choice group,the Tea Party,the working class,etc. ).

Accepted Answer

Collective identity refers to a person's sense of belonging or identification with a particular group that shares similar characteristics and interests, such as political viewpoints or socio-economic status. This collective identity can shape a person's attitudes, behaviors, and decision-making.

Question 17

According to Mancur Olson's theory of biographical availability,which of the following groups might be most suited for participation in a social movement?

Accepted Answer

According to Mancur Olson's theory of biographical availability, individuals who are at a stage in life where they have fewer constraints and obligations, such as young people without children, are more likely to participate in social movements. This is because they have more free time and fewer responsibilities, making it easier for them to commit to a cause.

Question 18

Modern scholarship no longer sees protest as a symptom of a psychological problem or the need to compensate for something lacking in one's life (friendship,self-importance,etc. ).It is instead __________.

Accepted Answer

Modern scholarship views protest as a multifaceted phenomenon that can be motivated by a range of different factors. It can be an effort to impose meaning and morality on the world, express a collective identity, and define collective interest all at the same time. Therefore, the best choice is D, all of the above.

Question 19

Which of the following conditions is most conducive to recruiting supporters?

Accepted Answer

Knowing someone already in the movement can provide a sense of familiarity and trust, making it easier to recruit new supporters. Social connections are powerful motivators for joining a cause. While belonging to a church or having friends can also be factors, they are not as significant as knowing someone already in the movement. Being a physically isolated person may actually make it harder to recruit supporters.

Question 20

According to the economist Mancur Olson,what is a "free rider"?

Accepted Answer

A free rider is someone who benefits from a certain action or movement without actively contributing to it. In the context of social protests, a free rider would be someone who benefits from the positive changes brought about by the protest without actively participating in it or supporting it financially. This is a common problem in collective action, as individuals have little incentive to contribute to public goods that benefit everyone regardless of their individual contribution.

Quiz 17: Social Movements and Revolutions

Depending on the business and activities of their opponents-a business,the military,and so on-protesters try to change __________ through persuasion,intimidation,and imposing costs (financial or otherwise) upon them.