Karen Allen had female students attempt to solve relatively difficult math problems.Some of the participants had their dog with them while they worked on the problems, while others had a close friend with them.The researchers measured each participant's stress-related arousal.In this study, the independent variable was:

Question

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The independent variable in this study is who was present while the individual worked on the problems, whether it was their dog or a close friend. The other options listed, such as the difficulty of the math problems, the amount of stress-related arousal, and the time it took to solve the problems, are all dependent variables that may be affected by the independent variable of who was present.

Karen Allen Had Female Students Attempt to Solve Relatively Difficult