Researchers conducting an experiment can ensure temporal precedence by doing which of the following?
A)Having a control group
B)Manipulating the cause before measuring the effect
C)Running a manipulation check
D)Establishing covariance

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

Temporal precedence refers to the cause preceding the effect. Therefore, to ensure temporal precedence, researchers must manipulate the cause before measuring the effect. Option B is the only choice that reflects this. Having a control group, running a manipulation check, and establishing covariance are important for demonstrating internal validity, but they are not directly related to temporal precedence.

Researchers Conducting an Experiment Can Ensure Temporal Precedence by Doing