To what extent were the civil rights of African Americans protected during the decades following Reconstruction?

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Despite the passage of civil rights legislation in the years following Reconstruction, such as the 14th and 15th Amendments, attempts to protect the civil rights of African Americans were largely unsuccessful for decades. Jim Crow laws, segregation, and violence against African Americans persisted in the South, and even in the North, discriminatory practices such as redlining and employment discrimination limited their rights. It was not until the Civil Rights Movement in the 1950s and 1960s that significant progress was made in protecting the civil rights of African Americans.

To What Extent Were the Civil Rights of African Americans