Prior to the twentieth century, what factor caused women to have a lower life expectancy than did men?

Question

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Prior to the twentieth century, deaths associated with childbirth were a major contributor to women's lower life expectancy. Maternal mortality rates were high due to lack of access to medical care, poor hygiene, and inadequate knowledge about pregnancy and childbirth. Additionally, women often had large families, which increased their risk of complications during pregnancy and childbirth.

Prior to the Twentieth Century, What Factor Caused Women to Have