Question 1

Which person established population-based objectives and used statistics to show that specific interventions dramatically decreased the death rate by 51%?

Accepted Answer

Florence Nightingale used biostatistics to demonstrate the decline in annual death rates from 70 per 1000 to 19 per 1000 after her reforms.

Question 2

A community/public health nurse is working for a local health department.Which of the following would be an appropriate goal for the nurse?

Accepted Answer

The text stresses that community/public health nursing attempts to meet not only educational and other nursing needs but also social betterment,which includes social and political activism.Although all the other answers might seem appropriate,many community/public health nurses do not provide direct care.

Question 3

A district nurse in England during the 1860s was providing care for the community.With which of the following groups would the nurse most likely have interacted?

Accepted Answer

In England,nurses were assigned a district associated with a church parish,whereas in the United States,district nurses often worked in conjunction with physicians who were employed in the local dispensary.

Question 4

A nurse works in an outpatient clinic.The care that the nurse provides is considered to be community-based because this term

Accepted Answer

Although community health nursing is a synonym for public health nursing,public health nursing had become linked with nurses employed by governments.The term community health nursing emerged to include nursing sponsored by both private nonprofit organizations and governmental agencies.

Question 5

A nurse supports Nursing's Agenda for Health Care Reform.For which of the following actions would the nurse advocate?

Accepted Answer

Medicare and Medicaid reimbursement was expanded to all nurse practitioners and clinical nurse specialists.

Question 6

Why would a nurse who was practicing in the 1900s have been considered to be part of the "golden age" of public health?

Accepted Answer

General sanitary reforms that occurred between 1880 and 1910 helped prevent communicable diseases.

Question 7

A public health nurse is addressing problems in the community.What would be the nurse's primary concern?

Accepted Answer

Public health is committed to social betterment and recognizes the influence of poverty or socioeconomic class on health.

Question 8

Who emphasized that public health must be concerned with the standard of living of citizens?

Accepted Answer

C.E.A.Winslow,the leading theoretician of the American public health movement,stated a standard of living adequate for the maintenance of health must be assured.

Question 9

A public health nurse newly employed by a local health department learns that the focus of her practice will be to prevent illness in the community.Why does the focus of practice not include the treatment and care of ill patients?

Accepted Answer

Physicians and nongovernmental visiting nurses associations feared loss of income if health departments treated patients,and so health officers limited nurses to preventing disease.

Question 10

Who was the first person to recognize the importance of the environment by noting that cholera rates were much higher among persons who drank water from a particular well?

Accepted Answer

John Snow demonstrated that the cases of cholera in an 1854 outbreak were linked to water from a specific well.

Question 11

What occurred as a result of industrialization?

Accepted Answer

Because workers flocked to cities for employment,overcrowding resulted,which enabled disease to spread rapidly.

Question 12

During World War I,three acute care (hospital-based)nurses were hired to work in an industrial setting.What would have been a reason for their change of practice? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

Industrial nursing spread because factory efficiency was improved if workers were at the workplace and healthy,which was particularly important during World War I.Philanthropy,industrial justice,and fear of union movements were other motives for creating industrial nursing positions.

Question 13

A district nurse working with William Rathbone was visiting homes of persons suffering from contagious disease.Which of the following nursing interventions probably would have been implemented?

Accepted Answer

To avoid transmission from one household to another,nurses did not provide care directly but taught family members how to do so.Thus,it was unlikely that the client would be assessed by the nurse.It was not the responsibility of the nurse to donate supplies to the family,and during this period,available community resources to which a client and family could be referred were limited.

Question 14

A nurse has recently been hired by a school to fulfill the role of the school nurse.What was the reason for the initial development of this specialty nursing practice?

Accepted Answer

Daily treatment of illnesses such as ringworm and impetigo by the school nurses reduced illnesses and also dramatically reduced absenteeism.

Question 15

For what is Clara Barton primarily known?

Accepted Answer

Clara Barton,although employed at the U.S.Patent Office,was instrumental in creating the American branch of the Red Cross.

Question 16

A nurse working in 1965 wondered how passage of the Medicare and Medicaid legislation would change health care in the United States.Which of the following accurately describes an outcome of this legislation?

Accepted Answer

The private sector had focused on diagnosis and treatment of the ill,whereas the state and local health departments had focused on health promotion and disease prevention.Under Medicare and Medicaid,government funds paid for the health care of ill elderly and poor persons.

Question 17

A nurse was working with William Rathbone and other social reformers to improve care in the homes of poor residents.What barrier was this nurse likely to have encountered?

Accepted Answer

Society has long accepted that some part of the population is always poor.Furthermore,nursing was a new profession with inadequate numbers.Consequently,Rathbone had to work to have more nurses trained.

Question 18

A public health nurse is discussing disaster planning in relation to bioterrorism preparedness with members of the county board of health.Which of the following topics is likely to be addressed?

Accepted Answer

Because of the limited supply of personnel and funding,a tension exists between the use of resources for bioterrorism preparedness and their use for other public health issues.Selection of drugs that should be stockpiled and inconsistencies related to distribution of supplies would not occur at the county level.The need for ongoing education does not relate to the discussion of disaster planning.

Question 19

With what aspect of the population being served have both nursing and public health always been most concerned?

Accepted Answer

Community/public health nursing has always been most concerned with the interrelationship among people and their physical and social environments.

Question 20

How did Nightingale demonstrate the effectiveness of providing nursing care to soldiers?

Accepted Answer

The science of biostatistics was used to demonstrate the decline in death rates as a result of nursing reforms.

Quiz 2: Origins and Future of Communitypublic Health Nursing