Question 1

Which of the following would be the best strategy to prevent the spread of yellow fever and dengue fever into the southern United States?

Accepted Answer

A

Question 2

Which rickettsial disease can lead to endocarditis?

Accepted Answer

Q fever, caused by Coxiella burnetii, is a rickettsial disease that can lead to endocarditis, especially in individuals with pre-existing heart valve abnormalities.

Question 3

The rickettsias can be cultured in

Accepted Answer

Rickettsias are obligate intracellular parasites and cannot be cultured in pure culture or artificial media; they require living cells, such as those in laboratory animals, for growth.

Question 4

Very few preventative measures are taken against anthrax,because

Accepted Answer

Very few preventative measures are taken against anthrax because the general population is not exposed to infected materials or animals regularly. Anthrax is mainly a disease of herbivores, and human cases are relatively rare. Therefore, there is no need for widespread preventative measures.

Question 5

Which of the following flaviviruses can be prevented by vaccination?

Accepted Answer

Yellow fever is the only flavivirus that can be prevented by vaccination. Dengue fever has a vaccine available but its effectiveness is limited and it is not recommended for everyone. Hantavirus and Ebola are not flaviviruses and do not have vaccines available.

Question 6

Which disease(s)has/have been mistakenly diagnosed as measles or scarlet fever due to similarities in rash appearance?

Accepted Answer

Rickettsial diseases (such as Rocky Mountain spotted fever) can present with a rash that may be mistaken for measles or scarlet fever due to similar appearance. Lyme disease and Q fever do not commonly present with rash, and while typhus can also present with rash, it is typically a different pattern than that of measles or scarlet fever.

Question 7

Which of the following pathogens is spread by infected lice?

Accepted Answer

Rickettsia prowazekii is the pathogen that causes epidemic typhus which is spread by infected body lice.

Question 8

The rickettsias are divided into groups based loosely on

Accepted Answer

The answer of The rickettsias are divided into groups based...

Question 9

Animal diseases transmissible to humans are known as

Accepted Answer

Diseases transmissible from animals to humans are known as zoonoses. Vectors are organisms that transmit diseases from one host to another. Ferals refer to animals that live in the wild or have become wild. Radicals are not related to animal diseases.

Question 10

Which insect functions in the host-to-host transmission of typhus?

Accepted Answer

The body louse functions in the host-to-host transmission of typhus.

Question 11

Which rickettsial disease can be transmitted by contaminated milk?

Accepted Answer

Q fever is a rickettsial disease that can be transmitted by contaminated milk, as well as through contact with infected animals or their products. Ehrlichiosis, Rocky Mountain spotted fever, and typhus are typically transmitted through tick bites.

Question 12

Hantaviruses are most commonly transmitted by ________ of virus-contaminated rodent ________.

Accepted Answer

Hantaviruses are primarily spread through inhaling dust contaminated with infected rodent urine or feces. This can occur through activities such as sweeping or cleaning rodent-infested areas, or disturbing dusty areas where rodents have been present. Saliva or ingesting food contaminated with infected rodent excreta does not typically spread hantaviruses.

Question 13

The hantavirus contains a ________ genome.

Accepted Answer

The hantavirus contains a single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) genome.

Question 14

A student travels to Brazil by boat on the Amazon River,without visiting the doctor prior to traveling for recommended vaccinations for travel to South America.The student becomes ill during the trip and is quarantined.Which of the diseases listed below does the student most likely have?

Accepted Answer

Yellow fever is a mosquito-borne viral disease that is endemic to tropical regions of South America and Africa. It is recommended that travelers receive a yellow fever vaccine prior to visiting these areas to avoid contracting the disease. Since the student did not receive the vaccination, it is likely that they have contracted yellow fever.

Question 15

Soldiers or refuges in crowded unsanitary conditions are MOST susceptible to which rickettsial disease?

Accepted Answer

Typhus is transmitted by body lice, which thrive in crowded unsanitary conditions. Soldiers and refugees living in such conditions are at highest risk of contracting typhus. Lyme disease is transmitted by ticks and is more prevalent in rural and wooded areas. Q fever is caused by a bacteria found in domestic and wild animals, and is transmitted through inhalation of contaminated dust from animal waste. Rocky Mountain spotted fever is transmitted by ticks found in wooded or grassy areas, and is more common in the western United States.

Question 16

Which of the following diseases CANNOT easily be controlled by vector elimination?

Accepted Answer

Rabies is primarily spread through bites from infected animals, such as dogs or bats, rather than through the bites of vectors like mosquitoes or fleas. Therefore, vector elimination measures would not be effective in controlling rabies. Control measures for rabies primarily involve vaccinating animals and practicing prompt wound care after potential exposures.

Question 17

Animal-transmitted diseases are generally spread to accidental hosts by

Accepted Answer

Animal-transmitted diseases can be spread through all three methods mentioned - direct contact, aerosols, and bites. Direct contact involves physical contact with a diseased animal, while aerosols refer to airborne particles containing the pathogen. Bites are a common method of transmission for diseases like rabies, which is spread through the saliva of infected animals.

Question 18

If you were exposed to a sick animal that was found to have negri bodies in its nervous system in a postmortem examination,how would you be treated to prevent disease?

Accepted Answer

Negri bodies are indicative of rabies virus infection. Therefore, in order to prevent disease, passive and active immunization against rabies would be required. Antibiotics would not be effective against a viral infection and antiviral medication may not be effective if the disease has already developed. Observation for tick or lice bites would not be relevant in this case.

Question 19

What type of diseases require biosafety level (BSL)4 procedures and facilities when working with samples that may be infected?

Accepted Answer

Biosafety level 4 procedures and facilities are required for highly infectious diseases with high mortality for which no treatment or vaccine exist. This is because the risks associated with handling such samples are very high, and the potential consequences of a laboratory-acquired infection or accidental release of the pathogen from the facility can be catastrophic. Examples of diseases that require BSL4 procedures and facilities include Ebola, Marburg virus, and Lassa fever.

Question 20

Control of certain diseases is nearly impossible,because we cannot

Accepted Answer

Control of certain diseases is nearly impossible due to the presence of both vector and reservoir animals, which are difficult to control. In addition, some organisms causing these diseases may also persist in the soil, making eradication impossible. Therefore, the best choice is D, which encompasses all the reasons why control of certain diseases is challenging.

Quiz 30: Vectorborne and Soilborne Bacterial and Viral Diseases