When a diagnosis of thalassemia is suspected, this test should always be done.

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Hemoglobin electrophoresis is the primary diagnostic test for thalassemia. It helps to identify abnormal hemoglobin patterns that are characteristic of different types of thalassemia. Bone marrow aspiration is not always necessary for diagnosis, iron studies are used to diagnose iron deficiency anemia rather than thalassemia, and vitamin B12 assay is used to diagnose vitamin B12 deficiency anemia.

When a Diagnosis of Thalassemia Is Suspected, This Test Should