Question 1

If a cell includes a mixture of variable numbers of wild-type and mutant organelles,this condition is known as ________.

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Question 2

Any form of inheritance that does not follow Mendelian patterns and that involves most of the cytoplasm being contributed to the embryo by one of the parents is called ________.

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Question 3

Mitochondrial mutations in mammals are passed to the offspring by the ________ parent.

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Question 4

Among current bacteria,those with the most in common with mitochondria are the Rickettsia (that cause typhus).What does this mean about Rickettsia's place in the evolution of endosymbiosis?

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Question 5

If the mother and grandmother of a given family both exhibit a half dozen phenotypic effects of a mitochondrial disorder,how is it possible that the mother's three children each have different phenotypes from one another and different degrees of severity?

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Question 6

What is the argument that,although human mitochondria all descend from a single ancestral population,this may not be true for nuclear genomes?

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Question 7

How can you establish that,in a newly described species of plant,a particular phenotype is due to a chloroplast rather than a nuclear gene?

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Question 8

What makes it possible for human mitochondria,which have only 22 sequences that code for tRNA,to translate mitochondrial polypeptides that require 32 tRNA?

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Question 9

The organelles involved in organelle heredity are ________ and ________.

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Question 10

In the 1950s,mitochondrial genomes were discovered by differential staining for ________.

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Quiz 19: Cytoplasmic Inheritance and the Evolution of Organelle Genomes