Pre-experimental designs
A) are insufficient for drawing causal inferences.
B) control for most sources of internal invalidity.
C) control for most sources of external invalidity.
D) are excellent for drawing causal inferences.

Question

Pre-experimental designs​
A) ​are insufficient for drawing causal inferences.
B) control for most sources of internal invalidity.​
C) control for most sources of external invalidity.​
D) are excellent for drawing causal inferences.​

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

Pre-experimental designs do not include a control group, random assignment, or other measures to control for threats to internal validity. Therefore, they are insufficient for drawing causal inferences.

Pre-Experimental Designs​

Pre-Experimental Designs