Two-tailed tests of significance should be used whenever there isa non-directional hypothesis.

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Two-tailed tests of significance are used when the research hypothesis does not specify the direction of the expected difference between groups, such as stating that there will be a difference in IQ scores between two groups, without specifying which group will score higher or lower. Therefore, a non-directional hypothesis should be tested using a two-tailed test of significance.

Two-Tailed Tests of Significance Should Be Used Whenever There Isa